Unit 1: Planaria and Earthworm Anatomy

asymmetry

no points of symmetry

radial symmetry

multiple points of symmetry

mirrors

bilateral symmetry

5

earthworms have blank hearts

heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic system

parts of an earthworm’s circulatory system

brain, spinal cord, nerves, nerve cord

parts of an earthworm’s nervous system

dorsal, ventral

in the earthworm…

brain is on blank side

nerve cord is on blank side

mouth → pharynx → esophagus → crop → gizzard → intestine

digestive tract in earthworm order

mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine

digestive tract in human order

hermaphrodites

worms are blank, meaning they exchange and store sperm in seminal receptacles

remove nitrogenous waste

what do nephridia in earthworms do?

true

T/F: (earthworm) the brain attaches to the ventral cord

false

T/F: (earthworm) the dorsal side of the worm is lighter than the ventral side

true

T/F: (earthworm) the clitellum is located toward the anterior of the worm

true

T/F: (earthworm) the esophagus lies beneath the pharynx

true

T/F: (earthworm) earthworms are hermaphrodites

false

T/F: (earthworm) the ventral nerve cord and ventral blood vessel are connected

false

T/F: (earthworm) the pale string like structure running the length of the ventral side of the worm is the blood vessel

false; 5

T/F: (earthworm) the earthworm has 14 aortic arches

true

T/F: (earthworm) the dorsal blood vessel can be seen from the worm’s exterior

false

T/F: (earthworm) seminal vesicles are part of the worm’s digestive system

A: mouth

B: sperm ducts

C: genital setae

D: clitellum

(earthworm)

A: hearts

B: dorsal blood vessel

C: central blood vessel

(earthworm)

gizzard

(earthworm) which has the harder exterior?

A: intestine

B: gizzard

C: crop

label A, B, and C

D: dorsal blood vessels

E: seminal vesicles

F: pharynx

label D, E, and F

G: brain

H: aortic arches

I: esophagus

J: exterior segments

label G, H, I, and J

bilateral; humans also have it

(planaria) What type of symmetry do planarians have and how does it compare to human symmetry?

ganglia; the anterior region

(planaria) what serves as the brain for the planaria? what region is it located in?

a majority of sense organs are in the anterior region; yes

(planaria) what is cephalization? do humans exhibit this?

flame cells remove waste; excretory system

(planaria) how do planaria remove waste? what is the name of this system?

sexually: two pair up (hermaphrodites) ; asexually: transverse fission

(planaria) how do planaria reproduce?

acoelomate body

(planaria) an animal that has no internal body cavity to hold organs is called an blank

by cutting the planaria

(planaria) how did we mimic transverse fission in the lab?

1: eyespots

2: transverse nerve

3: intestine

4: pharynx

5: anus/mouth

label 1-5

6: excretory canal

7: peripheral nerves

8: longitudinal nerves

9: cerebral ganglia

10: tube cell

label 6-10

11: excretory pore

13: tubule

14: flame cell

15: cilia

label 11-15 (except 12)

kidneys; excretory

Planaria remove waste using a network of flame cells and tube cells found on the periphery on the organism.

Earthworms remove waste using the nephridia found along multiple segments.

Humans use their blank to filter out waste.

All three are examples of an organ system that removes waste. This system is called the blank system.

A: pharynx

B: hearts

C: gizzard

D: intestine

1: eyespot

2: transverse nerve

3: intestine

4: pharynx

both asymmetrical and bilateral

describe the crab’s symmetry

throat

what is the pharynx in humans?

sand dollar, sea anemone

radial symmetry examples

human, planaria, earthworm

bilateral symmetry examples

sea coral, sea sponge

asymmetrical symmetry examples

nephridia

(earthworm) which of the following are excretory organs found in each segment which removes nitrogenous waste?

nervous system

(earthworm) Includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, nerve cord, and regulates the body's responses to stimuli

digestive system

(earthworm) Breaks down food for nutrients, energy, and materials used for growth or repair

circulatory system

(earthworm) Transports oxygen to cells in the body for cellular respiration using a network of blood vessels and the heart as a pump; also includes the lymphatic system