Approaches - behaviourist

+ classical conditioning, operant conditioning, reinforcements, punishment

Behaviourist approach

studying behaviours that can be observed and measured

Neutral stimulus

an event that does not produce a response

Unconditioned stimulus

an event that produces an innate, unlearned reflex response

Conditioned stimulus

an event that produces a learned response

Unconditioned response

an innate, unlearned reflex response an organism produces when exposed to an unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned response

a physical learned reflex behaviour an organism produces when exposed to a conditioned stimulus

Classical conditioning

learning by association

Operant conditioning

learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences

Positive reinforcement

receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed

Negative reinforcement

when an animal/human avoids something unpleasant and the outcome is a positive experience

Punishment

an unpleasant consequence of behaviour

Praise

the response that follows positive behaviour