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Simple Leaf
Blade is undivided
Compound Leaves
Blade is completely divided into leaflets, axillary bud is at the base of the petiole
Palmately Compound
Leaflets radiate from a single point (resembles the palm of the hand)
Pinnately Compound
Leaves originate from the midrib
Doubly Compound
Rachis (stem like structure) originates from the midrib, and then divide into leaflets
Parallel venation
Veins run parallel to each other
Pinnate venation
Main vein extends to from the base to the top of the leaf and secondary veins branching off along the main vein.
Palmate venation
Veins arise from a single point at the base of the leaf
Reticulate venation
Arrangement of veins on a leaf where they form a weblike/netlike structure
Percurrent venation
Ladderlike pattern of venation
Entire margin / Smooth Margin
Entire margin is smooth around the entire leaf edge
Undulate Margin
Wavy Margin
Palmately Lobate
Lobes outlining palmate venation, lobes spreading radially from a point, like fingers on a hand
Pinnately Lobated
Lobes outlining pinnate venation, lobes are arranged on either side of a central axis, like a feather
Serrate Margin
Toothed leaves, margins with sharp teeth oriented toward the apex
Dentate margin
Leaf margin with sharp symmetrical teeth oriented at right angles
Crenate Margins
Teeth are rounded
Lobbed Margins
Indented but not to the midline
Glabrous Leaf
Smooth and possibly glossy leaf
Pubescent/Pilose leaf
Soft or fine short hairs on the leaves and stems of plants
Hypogenous Germination
Hypocotyl remains short and the cotyledons do not emerge from the seed but rather force the radicle and epicotyl axis to elongate out of the seed coat
Epigeous Germination
The radicle emerges from the seed and the hypocotyl elongates, raising the cotyledons, epicotyl, and remains of the seed coat aboveground.
Ovate (Leaf Shape)
Egg shaped leaf, wider at the base of the leaf
Obovate (Leaf shape)
Teardrop shaped leaf, wider at the apex than at the base
Linear (Leaf shape)
Long and thin leaves
Elliptic
Single wide middle portion
Oblong (Leaf shape)
Longer wide middle portion
Lanceolate
Spear shaped leaf
Alternate Phyllotaxy
Leaves arranged with one leaf per node
Opposite (decussate) Phyllotaxy
Leaves arranged as a pair of opposite leaves per node, all pairs are in the same plane
Whorled Phyllotaxy
Leaves are arranged with three or more leaves per node
Distichous arrangement
Leaves arranged in two vertical rows on opposite sides of the stem