psych test child dev

Solitary Play

Playing alone, without interacting with others.

Parallel Play

Playing next to someone, but not interacting.

Unoccupied Play

Not really playing or focusing on anything specific. Just moving around or doing random things.

Cooperative Play

Playing with others, working together on the same activity.

Constructive Play

Playing by building or creating things, like making a tower out of blocks.

Games with Rules

Playing a game that has specific rules, like soccer or board games.

Functional Play

Simple play that involves using things the way they are meant to be used, like rolling a toy car.

Symbolic/Fantasy Play

Pretending to be someone or something else, like pretending to be a superhero or a teacher.

Authoritarian Parents

Parents who make all the rules and expect strict obedience, without listening to their kids.

Authoritative Parents

Parents who set rules but are also warm, listen to their kids, and explain their decisions.

Permissive Parents

Parents who let their kids do what they want and don’t set many rules.

Uninvolved Parents

Parents who don’t pay much attention to their kids and don’t set rules or expectations.

Puberty

The stage when kids' bodies change and develop into adults, usually during early teenage years.

Key Ideas of Erikson's Theory

Erikson’s theory talks about the different stages of life and the challenges people face as they grow up.

Basic Trust

Believing that people will take care of you and that the world is a safe place.

Trust vs Mistrust

The first stage of Erikson’s theory, where babies learn if they can trust their caregivers

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

A stage where young children (around ages 1–3) learn to do things on their own.

If they’re supported, they develop confidence (autonomy). If they’re criticized or controlled too much, they feel shame and doubt about their abilities.

Initiative vs Guilt

The stage when kids start to take initiative and try new things but may feel guilty if they fail.

Industry vs Inferiority

The stage where children feel proud of their accomplishments or feel like they are not good enough.

Identity vs Role Confusion

The stage where teenagers try to figure out who they are and what they want to be in life.

Intimacy vs Isolation

The stage where young adults form close relationships or feel lonely and isolated.

Generativity vs Stagnation

The stage where adults focus on helping others and giving back or feel stuck in their life.

Key Idea of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

Kohlberg’s theory explains how people develop the ability to make moral decisions over time.

Obedience/Punishment

The first stage of moral development, where kids obey rules to avoid punishment.

Self-Interest

The stage where people make decisions based on what benefits them the most.

Conformity & Interpersonal Accord

A stage where people make moral decisions based on wanting to fit in, be liked, and maintain good relationships with others.

Authority & Social Order

The stage where people obey laws and rules to keep things organized in society.

Social Contract

The stage where people believe in laws and rules that protect everyone’s rights, not just their own.

Universal Principles

The stage where people follow their own principles of right and wrong, even if it goes against the law.