Studied by 3 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Industrial Revolution
Shift to machine production, factory system, new methods of communication and transportation
Textile mills
Factories for mass production of cotton textiles
Coal, iron, steam engines, railroads
Mass production of key resources and transportation methods
Norfolk system
Agricultural system leading to surplus production
Closure of common lands
Disadvantage for farmers due to loss of access to shared resources
Renewable to non-renewable energy
Shift from wood to coal and oil as primary energy sources
Steam engine
Invention that revolutionized transportation and power generation
Factory system
Standardized and centralized production using machines and wage labor
Global markets
Expansion of trade to support industrial production
Capital accumulation
Growth of wealth through colonial trading practices and development of private banks
Open markets and free trade
Shift from mercantilism to liberal economic policies
Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations
Influential book promoting free market principles
Frederick Engels and Karl Marx
Critics of industrial capitalism and proponents of class warfare
Technological innovations
Advancements without relying on scientific knowledge
Crafting and tinkering
Recognizing the importance of hands-on experimentation
John Smeaton, James Watt, Richard Trevithick
Contributors to the development of the steam engine
Characteristics of the first industrial revolution
Mass production, low-quality goods, meager worker wages, gradual shift toward industrialization
Linguistic transformations
Introduction of language associated with industry, social classes, and culture
Distinctive associations
Industry, class, and culture embodying societal ways of life
Centers of industrialization
Urban centers like London, Manchester, and Sheffield as symbols of the Industrial Era
Patent
Official document granting exclusive rights to make, use, or sell specific information
Advantages of patents
Incentives for inventions, investments, and further research
Disadvantages of patents
Limiting competition, causing legal disputes
Patent pooling
Collaborative use of patents to eliminate competition
Germany's dominance in chemical industries
German product patents preventing others from producing the same goods
Scientific management
Application of scientific principles to workplace organization
Frederick Taylor
Author of principles of scientific management
Debate 1: Introduction of scientific management
Control labor force, response to labor problems, technological preconditions
Debate 2: Impact of scientific management
Orthodox perspective, revisionist perspective, short-term and long-term impact
American system of manufacturing (ASM)
Use of specialized machinery, continuous flow of production, standardized and interchangeable parts
History of interchangeable parts
Concept originated in Europe, Eli Whitney's role in the US
Ford Motor Company and mass production
Combining ASM and assembly line for efficient and affordable car production
