Cell Cycle

For Pre-Ap Biology (And PA)

Mitosis

The process of cell division in which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, ensuring equal distribution of genetic material.

Centriole

A cylindrical organelle in animal cells that helps organize the mitotic spindle fibers during cell division.

Centromere

A cylindrical organelle in animal cells that helps organize the mitotic spindle fibers during cell division.

Spindle Fiber

Protein structures that help separate chromatids by pulling them toward opposite ends of the cell during mitosis.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.

Metaphase

The second stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell (metaphase plate) and attach to spindle fibers.

Anaphase

The third stage of mitosis,

Cytokinesis

The final step of the cell cycle, where the cytoplasm divides, creating two separate daughter cells.

Telophase

The last stage of mitosis, where chromosomes begin to uncoil, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the cell prepares for cytokinesis.

Interphase

The phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows, performs its normal functions, and duplicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis.

Cell Cycle

The series of stages a cell goes through, including interphase (growth and DNA replication), mitosis (division of the nucleus), and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm).

Chromosome

A thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information; becomes visible during cell division.

Chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined at the centromere and separate during mitosis

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

The molecule that carries genetic instructions for growth, development, functioning, and reproduction in living organisms

Chromatin

The uncoiled form of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus during interphase; condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis.

Cell Plate

A structure that forms in plant cells during cytokinesis, eventually developing into a new cell wall to separate the two daughter cells.