Halogenoalkanes Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to halogenoalkanes, elimination reactions, nucleophilic substitution, and environmental impacts.

Halogenoalkanes

Organic compounds containing one or more halogen atoms bonded to carbon.

Nucleophilic substitution

A reaction where a nucleophile attacks a positively charged carbon atom, replacing a leaving group, such as a halogen.

Reflux

A technique where vapors of a solution are condensed and returned to the original solution to be heated again.

Bond enthalpy

The measure of bond strength in a chemical bond, indicating how much energy is required to break the bond.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

A strong base used in halogenoalkane hydrolysis to displace halide ions.

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)

Halogenoalkanes where all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine and chlorine; known for environmental harm due to ozone depletion.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction in which a compound reacts with water, resulting in the displacement of a halide ion.

Silver nitrate (AgNO3)

A reagent used to test for halides in solution; forms colored precipitates with halogen ions.

Ozone (O3)

A molecule in the Earth's atmosphere that absorbs UV radiation, protecting living organisms from its harmful effects.

Polar bonds

Chemical bonds where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, often leading to partial charges.