ch8 digestive system

an/o

anus

chol/e

bile, gall

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

chol/o

bile, gall

col/o

colon

colon/o

colon

-emesis

vomiting

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

hepat/o

liver

-lithiasis

presence of stones

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating, swallowing

proct/o

anus and rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

aerophagia

swallowing air

anastamosis

a connection or joining of vessels artery to artery or vein to vein

antiemetic

prevents nausea and vomiting

Ascities

accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity.

bariatrics

branch of medicine dealing with weight issues

borborygmus

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

cachexia

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

canker sores

ulcers of the mouth and lips

celiac disease

disease caused by sensitivity to gluten

cheilitis

inflammation of the lip

colongiography

xray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts

cholangitis

inflammation of the bile ducts

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

cholelithiasis

gallstones

cirrhosis

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

colonoscopy

visual examination of the colon

colostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the colon

Chron's disease

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

dental prophylaxis

the professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

diverticulitis

inflammation of the diverticula

diverticulosis

abnormal condition of having diverticula

dyspepsia

indigestion

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

endoscopy

visual examination within

enema

The introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon

enteritis

inflammation of the small intestine

erucation

burping

esophageal varices

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

esophagastroduodenoscopy

endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

gastroduodenostomy

creation of an opening between the stomach and the duodenum

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

occurs when stomach acid backs up into esophagus

gastroperesis

partial paralysis of the stomach

gastronomy tube

The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach.

hematemesis

vomiting blood

hemmocult test

laboratory test for hidden blood in stool

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

hiatal hernia

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

hyperemesis

excessive vomiting

ileus

the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine

inguinal hernia

a hernia in which part of the intestine protrudes into the inguinal canal

jaundice

yellowing of the skin

leukoplakia

thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

maloclussion

misalignment of teeth

melena

blood in stool

nasogastric tube

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach

obesity

excessive fatness

palatoplasty

surgical repair of the palate

peptic ulcer disease

An abrasion of the stomach or small intestine.

peristalsis

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

polyp

growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane

proctologist

a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

regurgitation

throwing up

salmonellosis

salmonella, bacterial foodborne illness, can lead to sepsis or typhoid fever

sigmoidoscopy

visual examination of the sigmoid colon

stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth

trismus

Inability to open the jaw due to pain

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

volvulus

twisting of the intestine on itself

xerostemia

dry mouth

mouth

prepares food for digestion

teeth

used for chewing, mechanical digestion

pharynx

moves food from mouth to esophagus

esophagus

transports food to stomach

stomach

breaks down food

small intestine

absorbes nutrients

large intestine

absorbs water

liver

creates bile

gallbladder

stores bile

pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

veriform appendix

lymphoid tissue hanging from the lower portion of the cecum

uvula

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

sphincter

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

duodenum

first part of the small intestine

jejenum

second part of the small intestine

ileum

third part of the small intestine

ascending colon

travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver

transverse colon

passes horizontally from right to left toward the spleen

descending colon

portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon

sigmoid colon

an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below

metabolism

body's use of nutrients (made of anabolism and catabolism)

villi

Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption

lacteals

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream