Simile
makes a comparison between unlike things, suggesting an unexpected likeness while using the words like or as (or sometimes than).
Metaphor
compares two essentially dissimilar things, but instead of saying one thing is like another, it equates them, saying that one is the other.
Metonymy
the substitution of one term for another that is associated with it.
Analogy
an extended metaphor or simile. Sometimes extended over several sentences or even several paragraphs; analogies help readers understand an unfamiliar idea by comparing it to something concrete they already know.
Personification
an animal, an inanimate object, or a concept is given the attributes or qualities of a human.
Allusion
makes a reference to a familiar person, place or event in literature or history. The major allusions in American Literature reference Shakespeare, the Bible, and Greek mythology.
Symbolism
to tie deeper meaning to an object
Alliteration
the repetition of same or similar consonant sounds close together at the beginning of words
Onomatopoeia
to attempt to capture the way something literally sounds.
Imagery
descriptive language that attempts to capture the five senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)