passive process,occurs automatically raw sensory the feeling when u touch someone requires no thought process
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perception
active processes require thought processes psychological process
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within subject
Participants undergo all conditions repeated measures both experimental and controlled group
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between subjects
Participants are exposed to 1 of 2 groups (one group does something whilst other does not)
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mixed subjects
Repeated experiments combine features of both subject and within subject design.
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synaethesia
perceptual experience stimulation of sense that produces additional sensations in another (multiple types) its not a disease nor does it interfere with normal daily functioning
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visual illusions
perceptual distortions involving a mismatch between perceptual experience and physical reality
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perceptual distortions occuring consistently
everytime we see the same visual illusion we experience the same illusonary experience it occurs even when we are aware of illusion occuring
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muller lyer illusion
visual illusion in which one of two lines of equal length each of which have opposite shaped ends, is incorrectly perceived as being longer then the other
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perceptual sets
temporary readiness to perceive something in accordance to with what we expect it to be
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context (perceptual set)
refers to the setting or environment in which perception is made we often take into account the setting and pay attention to aspects that are more relevant
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Motivation (perceptual set)
refers to the process which activates and sustains purposeful or goal directed behaviour
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past experience (perceptual set)
refers to our personal experiences throughout our lives and includes everything we learned, intentionally or unintentionally Our visual perception relies heavily on past experiences, a crucial aspect of top-down processing
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gestalt principles
refers to ways in which we organise the features of a visual stimus by grouping them to perceive a whole,complete form.
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closure
perceptual tendency to mentally ‘close up’ or fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image and to perceive incomplete objects as complete (whole)
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similarity
involves the tendency to perceive parts of visual stimulus that has similar features (size,shape,colour) as belonging together in a group
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proximity
perceives parts of visual image which are positioned close together as belonging to one group (series of letters located close interpreted as one word)
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figure &ground
when we use figure ground we organise visual info by dividing stimulus into a figure, which stands out from the background.
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continuation
most likely to see continuous and smooth lines rather then broke and jagged ones
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top down processing
perception begins at top higher thinking levels and then works down from whole to details (past knowledge of image)
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bottom up processing
the perceptual process begins from bottom with ‘raw sensory info’ that is sent up to brain for higher level of mental processing.
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perceptual distortion is unaffected by prior knowledge that its an illusion
the illusory experience occurs even when we know we are looking at the visual illusion
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perceptual distortion is unaffected by the prior understanding of why it occurs
misinterpretation happens even when we are aware of the reason/theory as to how the illusion occurs
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sustained attention
involves maintance of attention on a specific stimulus or task for a continious period of time without being distracted
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divided attention
refers to ability to distribute our attention so that two or more activities may be performed simultaneously
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selective attention
involves choosing and attending to a specific stimulus whilst at same time excluding other stimuli
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social factors
culture as an influence-and involves individuals external environment and surroundings that can influence how people perceive visual stimuli.
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biological factors
factors that influence visual perception
(depth cues,binocular and monocular etc)
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psychological factors
describe how mental processes influence visual perception
(gestalt principles)
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spatial neglect
A neurological disorder where individuals cannot notice anything on their left or right side (despite their sense functioning normally)
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list monocular depth cues
accomidation,height in visual field, texture gradient, relative size, interpostion,linear perspective
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list binocular dept cues
retina disparity,convergence
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raw sensory data
the process by which sensory receptors sense organs and detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them.
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perceptual set
temporary readiness to perceive something in accordance with what we expect it to be. (past experience,context,memory and motivation) more likely to interpret the event in a predetermined way
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extraneous variables
variables not investigated that can affect the overall result
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within subject
also called repeated measure each participant is in both the experimental and control groups
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between subject
1 of 2 groups (one group drinks coffee, the other doesn't) is randomly allocated
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mixed subject
combines features of both between and within subject design repeated measures no disadvanatage
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memory(perceptual set)
visual perception is the process of interpreting what we see in a meaningful way. Memory is the process of storing and retrieving this perceived information.
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memory top down processing
Visual perception of objects and scenes through top down processing of sensory information is initially compared with those stored in memory. in attempt to find a match
Studied by 26 people
