Atoms, Molecules, Ions

• All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

  Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

  Central Idea: Atoms

  • Definition: Basic building blocks of matter
  • Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

  Main Branches

  1. Atomic Structure

  • Protons
  • Positive charge
  • Located in the nucleus
  • Neutrons
  • No charge
  • Located in the nucleus
  • Electrons
  • Negative charge
  • Orbit around the nucleus

  2. Elements

  • Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom
  • Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

  3. Atomic Number and Mass

  • Atomic Number
  • Number of protons in an atom
  • Determines the element
  • Atomic Mass
  • Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
  • Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

  Sub-Branches

  1. Molecules

  • Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
  • Types of Bonds
  • Covalent Bonds
    • Sharing of electrons between atoms
    • Examples: H2, O2, CO2
  • Ionic Bonds
    • Transfer of electrons between atoms
    • Examples: NaCl, MgO

  2. Ions

  • Definition: Charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons
  • Cations
  • Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
  • Formed by losing electrons
  • Anions
  • Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
  • Formed by gaining electrons
  • Polyatomic Ion: electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms
  • charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

  3. Compound

  • Definition: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together
  • Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

  4. Chemical Reactions

  • Definition: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances
  • Reactants
  • Substances present before the reaction
  • Products
  • Substances formed after the reaction

  5. Isotopes

  • Definition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
  • Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

  6. Atomic Models

  • Dalton's Model
  • Thomson's Model
  • Rutherford's Model
  • Bohr's Model
  • Quantum Mechanical Model

  7. Periodic Table

  • Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #

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