All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

Central Idea: Atoms

• Definition: Basic building blocks of matter

• Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Main Branches

1. Atomic Structure

• Protons

  • Positive charge

  • Located in the nucleus

• Neutrons

  • No charge

  • Located in the nucleus

• Electrons

  • Negative charge

  • Orbit around the nucleus

2. Elements

• Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom

• Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

3. Atomic Number and Mass

• Atomic Number

  • Number of protons in an atom

  • Determines the element

• Atomic Mass

  • Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

  • Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

Sub-Branches

1. Molecules

• Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

• Types of Bonds

  • Covalent Bonds

    • Sharing of electrons between atoms

    • Examples: H2, O2, CO2

  • Ionic Bonds

    • Transfer of electrons between atoms

    • Examples: NaCl, MgO

2. Ions

• Definition: Charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons

• Cations

  • Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)

  • Formed by losing electrons

• Anions

  • Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)

  • Formed by gaining electrons

• Polyatomic Ion: electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms

  • charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

3. Compound

• Definition: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together

• Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

4. Chemical Reactions

• Definition: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances

• Reactants

  • Substances present before the reaction

• Products

  • Substances formed after the reaction

5. Isotopes

• Definition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

  • Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

6. Atomic Models

• Dalton's Model

• Thomson's Model

• Rutherford's Model

• Bohr's Model

• Quantum Mechanical Model

7. Periodic Table

• Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #