Atoms, Molecules, Ions

 

 

 

  • All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

  # Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

  ## Central Idea: Atoms

  • Definition: Basic building blocks of matter
  • Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

  ## Main Branches

  ### 1. Atomic Structure

  • Protons
    • Positive charge
    • Located in the nucleus
  • Neutrons
    • No charge
    • Located in the nucleus
  • Electrons
    • Negative charge
    • Orbit around the nucleus

  ### 2. Elements

  • Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom
  • Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

  ### 3. Atomic Number and Mass

  • Atomic Number
    • Number of protons in an atom
    • Determines the element
  • Atomic Mass
    • Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
    • Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

  ## Sub-Branches

  ### 1. Molecules

  • Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
  • Types of Bonds
    • Covalent Bonds
      • Sharing of electrons between atoms
      • Examples: H2, O2, CO2
    • Ionic Bonds
      • Transfer of electrons between atoms
      • Examples: NaCl, MgO

  ### 2. Ions

  • Definition: Charged particles formed by gainingorlosingelectronsgaining or losing electrons
  • Cations
    • Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
    • Formed by losing electrons
  • Anions
    • Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
    • Formed by gaining electrons
  • PolyatomicIon:Polyatomic Ion: electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms
    • charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

  ### 3. Compound

  • DefinitionDefinition: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together
  • Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

  ### 4. Chemical Reactions

  • DefinitionDefinition: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances
  • Reactants
    • Substances present before the reaction
  • Products
    • Substances formed after the reaction

  ### 5. Isotopes

  • DefinitionDefinition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
    • Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

  ### 6. Atomic Models

  • Dalton's Model
  • Thomson's Model
  • Rutherford's Model
  • Bohr's Model
  • Quantum Mechanical Model

  ### 7. Periodic Table

  • Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #