Atoms, Molecules, Ions

 

 

 

  • All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

  # Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

  ## Central Idea: Atoms   * Definition: Basic building blocks of matter   * Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

  ## Main Branches

  ### 1. Atomic Structure   * Protons     * Positive charge     * Located in the nucleus   * Neutrons     * No charge     * Located in the nucleus   * Electrons     * Negative charge     * Orbit around the nucleus

  ### 2. Elements   * Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom   * Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

  ### 3. Atomic Number and Mass   * Atomic Number     * Number of protons in an atom     * Determines the element   * Atomic Mass     * Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom     * Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

  ## Sub-Branches

  ### 1. Molecules   * Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together   * Types of Bonds     * Covalent Bonds       * Sharing of electrons between atoms       * Examples: H2, O2, CO2     * Ionic Bonds       * Transfer of electrons between atoms       * Examples: NaCl, MgO

  ### 2. Ions   * Definition: Charged particles formed by gainingorlosingelectronsgaining or losing electrons   * Cations     * Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)     * Formed by losing electrons   * Anions     * Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)     * Formed by gaining electrons   * PolyatomicIon:Polyatomic Ion: electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms     * charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

  ### 3. Compound   * DefinitionDefinition: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together   * Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

  ### 4. Chemical Reactions   * DefinitionDefinition: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances   * Reactants     * Substances present before the reaction   * Products     * Substances formed after the reaction

  ### 5. Isotopes   * DefinitionDefinition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons     * Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

  ### 6. Atomic Models   * Dalton's Model   * Thomson's Model   * Rutherford's Model   * Bohr's Model   * Quantum Mechanical Model

  ### 7. Periodic Table   * Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #

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