Atoms, Molecules, Ions




* All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

# Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

## Central Idea: Atoms
* Definition: Basic building blocks of matter
* Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

## Main Branches

### 1. Atomic Structure
* Protons
* Positive charge
* Located in the nucleus
* Neutrons
* No charge
* Located in the nucleus
* Electrons
* Negative charge
* Orbit around the nucleus

### 2. Elements
* Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom
* Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

### 3. Atomic Number and Mass
* Atomic Number
* Number of protons in an atom
* Determines the element
* Atomic Mass
* Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
* Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

## Sub-Branches

### 1. Molecules
* Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
* Types of Bonds
* Covalent Bonds
* Sharing of electrons between atoms
* Examples: H2, O2, CO2
* Ionic Bonds
* Transfer of electrons between atoms
* Examples: NaCl, MgO

### 2. Ions
* Definition: Charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons
* Cations
* Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
* Formed by losing electrons
* Anions
* Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
* Formed by gaining electrons
* Polyatomic Ion: electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms
* charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

### 3. Compound
* Definition: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together
* Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

### 4. Chemical Reactions
* Definition: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances
* Reactants
* Substances present before the reaction
* Products
* Substances formed after the reaction

### 5. Isotopes
* Definition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
* Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

### 6. Atomic Models
* Dalton's Model
* Thomson's Model
* Rutherford's Model
* Bohr's Model
* Quantum Mechanical Model

### 7. Periodic Table
* Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #

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