Atoms, Molecules, Ions

All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

Central Idea: Atoms

• Definition: Basic building blocks of matter
• Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Main Branches

1. Atomic Structure

• Protons
• Positive charge
• Located in the nucleus
• Neutrons
• No charge
• Located in the nucleus
• Electrons
• Negative charge
• Orbit around the nucleus

2. Elements

• Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom
• Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

3. Atomic Number and Mass

• Atomic Number
• Number of protons in an atom
• Determines the element
• Atomic Mass
• Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
• Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

Sub-Branches

1. Molecules

• Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
• Types of Bonds
• Covalent Bonds
  • Sharing of electrons between atoms
  • Examples: H2, O2, CO2
• Ionic Bonds
  • Transfer of electrons between atoms
  • Examples: NaCl, MgO

2. Ions

• Definition: Charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons
• Cations
• Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
• Formed by losing electrons
• Anions
• Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
• Formed by gaining electrons
• Polyatomic Ion: electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms
• charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

3. Compound

• Definition: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together
• Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

4. Chemical Reactions

• Definition: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances
• Reactants
• Substances present before the reaction
• Products
• Substances formed after the reaction

5. Isotopes

• Definition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

6. Atomic Models

• Dalton's Model
• Thomson's Model
• Rutherford's Model
• Bohr's Model
• Quantum Mechanical Model

7. Periodic Table

• Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #