Atoms, Molecules, Ions

All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

Central Idea: Atoms

• Definition: Basic building blocks of matter

• Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Main Branches

1. Atomic Structure

• Protons

• Positive charge

• Located in the nucleus

• Neutrons

• No charge

• Located in the nucleus

• Electrons

• Negative charge

• Orbit around the nucleus

2. Elements

• Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom

• Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

3. Atomic Number and Mass

• Atomic Number

• Number of protons in an atom

• Determines the element

• Atomic Mass

• Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

• Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

Sub-Branches

1. Molecules

• Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

• Types of Bonds

• Covalent Bonds

  • Sharing of electrons between atoms

  • Examples: H2, O2, CO2

• Ionic Bonds

  • Transfer of electrons between atoms

  • Examples: NaCl, MgO

2. Ions

• Definition: Charged particles formed by $gaining or losing electrons$$$gaining or losing electrons$$

• Cations

• Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)

• Formed by losing electrons

• Anions

• Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)

• Formed by gaining electrons

• $Polyatomic Ion:$$$Polyatomic Ion:$$ electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms

• charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

3. Compound

• $Definition$$$Definition$$: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together

• Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

4. Chemical Reactions

• $Definition$$$Definition$$: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances

• Reactants

• Substances present before the reaction

• Products

• Substances formed after the reaction

5. Isotopes

• $Definition$$$Definition$$: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

• Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

6. Atomic Models

• Dalton's Model

• Thomson's Model

• Rutherford's Model

• Bohr's Model

• Quantum Mechanical Model

7. Periodic Table

• Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #