QC

Atoms, Molecules, Ions

  • All atoms of an element must have the same ATOMIC #

    Mind Map: Atoms, Molecules, Ions

    Central Idea: Atoms

    • Definition: Basic building blocks of matter
    • Composed of: Protons, neutrons, and electrons

    Main Branches

    1. Atomic Structure

    • Protons
    • Positive charge
    • Located in the nucleus
    • Neutrons
    • No charge
    • Located in the nucleus
    • Electrons
    • Negative charge
    • Orbit around the nucleus

    2. Elements

    • Definition: Pure substances made up of only one type of atom
    • Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon

    3. Atomic Number and Mass

    • Atomic Number
    • Number of protons in an atom
    • Determines the element
    • Atomic Mass
    • Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
    • Measured in atomic mass units (amu)

    Sub-Branches

    1. Molecules

    • Definition: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
    • Types of Bonds
    • Covalent Bonds
      • Sharing of electrons between atoms
      • Examples: H2, O2, CO2
    • Ionic Bonds
      • Transfer of electrons between atoms
      • Examples: NaCl, MgO

    2. Ions

    • Definition: Charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons
    • Cations
    • Positively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
    • Formed by losing electrons
    • Anions
    • Negatively charged ions (more protons than electrons)
    • Formed by gaining electrons
    • Polyatomic Ion: electrically charged particle w 2+ atoms linked together so it behaves as a unit instead of separate atoms
    • charge belongs to the ion as a WHOLE

    3. Compound

    • Definition: 2+ diff elements chemically bonded together
    • Examples: Water (H2O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

    4. Chemical Reactions

    • Definition: Process where atoms are rearranged to form new substances
    • Reactants
    • Substances present before the reaction
    • Products
    • Substances formed after the reaction

    5. Isotopes

    • Definition: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
    • Ex: Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

    6. Atomic Models

    • Dalton's Model
    • Thomson's Model
    • Rutherford's Model
    • Bohr's Model
    • Quantum Mechanical Model

    7. Periodic Table

    • Organizes elements in an increasing atomic #