AP Euro time dates

Black plague

Black plague

1308-1360

Reconquista

1300-1492

Spanish Catholics retake Spain from Islamic Caliphate

100s year war

1337-1453

Britain v. France

Renaissance art

1400-1520

Individualism; perspective; human figures

Italian Renaissance

1330-1550

Petrarch

1374

Father of humanism

Northern Renaissance

1430-1558

Cosimo de Medici(Italian)

1434-1464

Patronage, rich

Printing press

1436

Johannes Gutenberg

Age of Exploration

1450-1600

Ferdinand II & Isabella I(Spain)

1469-1504

Unified Aragon & Castile of Spain; funded Columbus to Americas; Spanish Inquisition

Spanish Inquisition

1478

Pico de Mirándola

1486

Italian Renaissance humanist; Oration on the dignity of man

Christopher Columbus

1492

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494

Albrecht Durer

1500

Northern Renaissance paper; self portraits

Leonardo DaVinci

1503

Italian Renaissance painter; vitruvian man

Henry VII(England)

1509-1547

Tudor; act of supremacy; leaves Catholic Church; Anglicanism

Erasmus

1511

Christian humanism;Dutch

Machiavelli

1513

the prince; pragmatic

Martin Luther

1517

German;1517

Diet of Worms

1521

Charles V calls meeting in HRE to discuss Luther

Charles V(Spain)

1519-1556

Ruler of HRE; Spain, Austria, Netherlands; Habsburg; restrict Lutheranism

Mannerist Art

1530-1598

Elongated figures; asymmetry; less perfection; distortion

Holy Roman Empire

900-1806

Catholicism; peace of Westphalia ends 30 years war; dis unified; fell due to Napoleon; Habsburg; Charles V

John Calvin/Calvinism

1536; predestination

Protestant Reformation

1517-1600

Copernicus

1543

Heliocentric model

Scientific revolution

1543-1687

Logic

Counter Reformation

1545-1648

Ivan the terrible(Russia)

1547-1584

First tsar

Catherine de Medici(France)

1547-1574

Queen of France; 3 king sons, maintaining power; persecuted Huguenots ; St. Bartholomew day massacre

Mary I(England)

1553-1558

Tudor; catholic

Peace of Augsburg

1555

Charles V allows local rulers in the HRE to determine if their territory is catholic or Lutheran; collapses leading to the 30 years war

Philip II(Spain)

1557-1598

Son of Charles V; rule marks Spanish decline; price rev/inflation of silver; Spanish armada; catholic + anti Protestant; married to Mary I

Elizabeth I(England)

1558-1603

Tudor; daughter of Henry VII; Protestant friendly

Massacre of Vassy

1562

French Massacre of Huguenots; 1st event of French Wars of Religion

Council of Trent

1563

Ends simony; cleans indulgences; reestablishes papal authority & importance of 7 sacraments; index of prohibited books; Roman inquisition; baroque art

French wars of religion

1562-1598

80 years war

1568-1648

Dutch gains independence from Habsburg Spain

St. Bartholomew’s day Massacre

1572

Massacre of French Huguenots by French catholics

Spanish Armada

1588

Philip II attempts England invasion & restore Catholicism; Spain defeat

War of the 3 Henrys

1589

Part of French Wars of Religion; fight over who would claim French throne; Henry IV(Navarre) becomes king

Henry IV(Navarre)(France)

1589-1610

Made Edict of Nantes; assassinated by Catholics in 1610

Edict of Nantes

1598

Henry of Navarre(IV) gave rights to Huguenots

Dutch & British east India companies

1600

Joint stock companies

Baroque Art

1600-1750

Drama;ornate;religious

James I(England)

1604-1624

First Stuart monarch; wannabe absolutist

Galileo

1615

Made the telescope

Francis Bacon

1620

Scientific method

30 years war

1618-1648

Religious conflict in HRE; Ends political(balance of power)

Charles I(England)

1625-1649

2nd Stuart monarch; resented parliament; Parliament issues the Petition of Right limiting his power

Renee Descartes

1637

Math; logic

English Civil War

1642-1657

Royalists v. Parliamentarians

Louis XIV(France)

1643-1715

"The Sun King" "I am the State"
-absolute power
-Palace of Versailles
-Revokes Edict of Nantes

Oliver Cromwell(England)

1653-1658

British Parliamentarian who leads the New Model Army to victory over the royalists in the English Civil War. Becomes a tyrant

Charles II(England)

1661-1683

The Restoration period. The Stuarts return to the throne

Peter the Great(Russia)

1682-1725

Westernized Russia; Beard Tax; moved capital to St. Petersburg; wanted a strong navy

Enlightenment

1685-1815

James II(England)

1685-1688

Last Stuart monarch and last Catholic monarch of England; deposed during the Glorious Revolution. Goes into exile in 1689

Issac newton

1687

Isaac Newton authors "Principia" in which we lays out the laws motion

John Locke

1689

Wrote a book called Two Treatises on Government. Look it up

Glorious Revolution

1688

William of Orange and Mary II are invited to invade England and take the throne from James II

Bill of Rights

1689

Established parliament power over monarch

William III & Mary I(Netherlands + England)

1689-1702

Glorious Revolution. William of Orange (Dutch prince) and Mary II (James II's daughter) are invited to take the British throne

War of Spanish Succession

1701-1714

triggered by the death of Spanish King Charles II.
-He left the crown to a French guy, which would have united France and Spain.
-Threatened the balance of power

Frederick the Great(Prussia)

1740-1786

also called Frederick II; Enlightened Absolutism

Maria Theresa(Austria)

1740-1780

Habsburg Empress of Austria; participates in Partition of Poland

Denis Diderot

1751

Encyclopedie

1st Industrial Revolution

1750-1830

Neoclassical art

1751-1830

Return to order & stability in response to chaos of the French Revolution; unemotional; ancient, historical events

7 years war

1756-1763

Britain officially dominates France

Enclosure Movement

1760

England; public land is bought up by private owners; leads to urbanization

George III(England)

1760-1820

Jean Jacques Rousseau

1762

Voltaire

1763

Catherine The Great(Russia)

1762-1796

Enlightened Absolutist; participates in Partition of Poland; suppresses Pugachev Rebellion; maintains serfdom

Steam Engine

1769

1st partition of Poland

1772

Louis XVI(France)

1774-1792

executed during French Revolution; husband of Marie Antoinette

Adam Smith

1776

Wealth of Nations

Joseph II(Austria)

1780-1790

Austria; Habsburg; enlightened absolutist

Tennis Court Oath

1789

Third Estate separates from the unfair Estates-General
-They meet at a tennis court and vow to form a new constitution

Edmund Burke

1790

classical conservative. didn't like the french revolution

Mary Wollstonecraft

Along with Olympes de Gouge who lived at the same time but in France

Robespierre

1792

Radical; committee of public safety

French Revolution

1789-1799

Reign of Terror

1793

Thomas Malthus

1798

Malthusianism; theorized that population was growing faster than food supply

Napoleon(France)

1799-1815

Napoleonic wars

1799-1815

Concordat of 1801

1801

Napoleon and Pope reconcile
-Roman Catholic Church solidified as the main church in France

Battle of Austerlitz

1805

Major victory for Napoleon over the Austrians

Battle of Waterloo

1815

Napoleon’s final defeat

Congress of Vienna

1815

restores balance of power; ends Napoleonic Era; based on classical conservative ideology; Klemens von Metternich

Establishes Congress of Europe (Congress System)

German confederation

1815-1866

disunified. no centralized government

Quinine

1820

malaria medication; facilitated the scramble for africa

Jeremy Bentham

1824

Utilitarianism; greatest good for the greatest number of people

Romanticism

1830-1860

Emotion & individuality; Goya, Friedrich, Beethoven

Realism

1830-1870

Everyday life; commoners; landscapes