ch_06_Lecture_Presentation_DNA

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid.

What is the structure of DNA?

A double helix made of two strands.

What are the components of a nucleotide?

A sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.

Which two scientists are credited with describing the structure of DNA in 1953?

James Watson and Francis Crick.

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

How does DNA replicate before cell division?

The DNA molecule unzips, and each strand serves as a template to build a new complementary strand.

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

RNA acts as an intermediate molecule that carries the code from DNA to build proteins.

What is mRNA?

Messenger RNA, which carries the copied gene's sequence from DNA for protein production.

What is the process of transcription?

The copying of a gene's sequence from DNA to mRNA.

What is translation in protein synthesis?

The process where mRNA directs the assembly of amino acids to form a protein.

What is a codon?

A sequence of three mRNA bases that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

What is a mutation in regulator genes?

A change that can lead to uncontrolled growth of cells.

What is genetic engineering?

Direct manipulation of genes to create organisms with desirable traits.

What is a transgenic organism?

An organism that has acquired one or more genes from another species through artificial means.

What do pluripotent cells have the potential to do?

Develop into many types of cells.

What are short tandem repeats (STRs)?

Locations on the genome that have repeating sequences of DNA, used in DNA profiling.

What does the field of proteomics study?

The proteins encoded by a genome.

What percentage of the human genome codes for proteins?

Approximately 1.5%.

Who owns genes based on the BRCA case?

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that companies cannot own genes.

What is CRISPR-Cas9?

A gene editing technology that is faster, cheaper, and more accurate than traditional methods.