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What factors lead to the Industrial Revolution?
The 2nd Agr. Rev. made urban areas more dense and Britain had large coal supplies near water sources to fuel their engines
How did the Industrial Revolution impact peoples lives?
Better forms of transportation and higher wages and mass produced goods were introduced
What was the lasting legacy of the Industriral Revolution?
Wages were improved, everything was standardized, urban areas were denser, goods were cheaper
Marxism
A social/economic theory that descibed the capitalist system of economy as unfair to the workers
Luddism
people who believed technology had gone too far and thus tried to abstain or destroy it
Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
Cottage Industry
homemade goods industry which made textiles, barrels, shoes, baskets, and more
Puddling
The process of turning crude iron into high quality iron which made wrought iron to be produced on a large scale
Bessemer Process
the first inexpensive industrial process that allowed for the mass production of steel
Assembly Line
made by Henry Ford and made the pass production of goods more efficient
Mass Production
The production of goods in quantity usually by machine
Proletariat
the working class
Steam Enginge
An engine powered by steam with pistons which was reliable and could be used anywhere
Spinning Jenny
Invented by James Hargreaves and made it easier to produce textiles
Locomotive
Invented by James Richard Trevithick and led to railroads being laid everywhere which made heavy transportation easier
Steam Ship
Made by Robert Fulton and was powered by steam engines and made transportation of goods and people over water easier
Enclosure
A movement resulting in handowners fnecning off common land, forcing peasants to move to towns
Child Labor
Young children were paid nothing to work in factories as they were small and could fit into small places
Agriculture
New agriculutal practices made farming more efficient leading to many farmers moving to the city to work in factories
Laissez Faire
An economic philosophy that emphazises governments having a hands-off approach in regualting business
Urbanization
Many peope moved to cities and populations grew leading to better public health and sanitation policies.
Nation
An ethnic or cultural group
State
an independent political entitiy (country)
Nationalism
the actions that the members of a nation take in seeking to achieve or sustain and an ideology where people believe that their nation is superior
Schlieffen Plan
in case of the outbreak of war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia but failed
How did the war go on both fronts?
There was a stalemate on the western front and Russia was defeated on the east
Ethnocentrism
judging other cultures based on the standard of your own culture
Guns, Germs, and Steel
the idea of different countries advancing faster than others due to "geographic luck"
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
2nd Agricultural Revolution
Less people were needed to produce food with new farming practices and more people moved to the city and plants such as potatoes and tomatoes were introduced
Christianity
A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior
Imperialism
the control of another countries's political, economic, or cultural life by another
Hinduism
A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
Buddhism
the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth
Confucianism
A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct
5 Relationships
ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, elder friend to younger friend
Meiji Restoration
The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism
Sun Yatsen
this man was a radical Chinese reformer who sought to overthrow the government
Extraterritoriality
living in a section of a country set aside for foreigners but not subject to the host country's laws
Causes of First World War
Militarism, alliances, nationalism, industrialism, assasination
Great War Technologies
Airplane, tank, submarine, trench warfare, chemical warfare
Russian Revolution
a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917
Alliances during WWI
Allied Powers, which consisted of England, France, Russia and ultimately, Italy, and the Central Powers, which were led by Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Spheres of Influence
areas where foreign powers are granted exclusive rights or priveliges
Casement Report
A report made by Sir Roger Casement as an order by the British Consul in the Congo. The report was an investigation of the brutality going on in the Congo. It had over a dozen pages recording testimonies from victims abuse
Berlin Conference
Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa
Motivations of Imperialism
economic benefit, building empires for national prestige, and to spread religion
Islam
A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims
Japan Imperialism
Japan industrialized and modernized their country
Sepoy Rebellion
a failed rebellion against the rule of the British East India Company (EIC) in India
Indian National Congress (INC)
(1885) The goal of INC was to seek independence for all Indians from the British, regardless of class or religious background.
