Modern World History Midterm

What factors lead to the Industrial Revolution?

The 2nd Agr. Rev. made urban areas more dense and Britain had large coal supplies near water sources to fuel their engines

How did the Industrial Revolution impact peoples lives?

Better forms of transportation and higher wages and mass produced goods were introduced

What was the lasting legacy of the Industriral Revolution?

Wages were improved, everything was standardized, urban areas were denser, goods were cheaper

Marxism

A social/economic theory that descibed the capitalist system of economy as unfair to the workers

Luddism

people who believed technology had gone too far and thus tried to abstain or destroy it

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

Cottage Industry

homemade goods industry which made textiles, barrels, shoes, baskets, and more

Puddling

The process of turning crude iron into high quality iron which made wrought iron to be produced on a large scale

Bessemer Process

the first inexpensive industrial process that allowed for the mass production of steel

Assembly Line

made by Henry Ford and made the pass production of goods more efficient

Mass Production

The production of goods in quantity usually by machine

Proletariat

the working class

Steam Enginge

An engine powered by steam with pistons which was reliable and could be used anywhere

Spinning Jenny

Invented by James Hargreaves and made it easier to produce textiles

Locomotive

Invented by James Richard Trevithick and led to railroads being laid everywhere which made heavy transportation easier

Steam Ship

Made by Robert Fulton and was powered by steam engines and made transportation of goods and people over water easier

Enclosure

A movement resulting in handowners fnecning off common land, forcing peasants to move to towns

Child Labor

Young children were paid nothing to work in factories as they were small and could fit into small places

Agriculture

New agriculutal practices made farming more efficient leading to many farmers moving to the city to work in factories

Laissez Faire

An economic philosophy that emphazises governments having a hands-off approach in regualting business

Urbanization

Many peope moved to cities and populations grew leading to better public health and sanitation policies.

Nation

An ethnic or cultural group

State

an independent political entitiy (country)

Nationalism

the actions that the members of a nation take in seeking to achieve or sustain and an ideology where people believe that their nation is superior

Schlieffen Plan

in case of the outbreak of war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia but failed

How did the war go on both fronts?

There was a stalemate on the western front and Russia was defeated on the east

Ethnocentrism

judging other cultures based on the standard of your own culture

Guns, Germs, and Steel

the idea of different countries advancing faster than others due to "geographic luck"

Agricultural Revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

2nd Agricultural Revolution

Less people were needed to produce food with new farming practices and more people moved to the city and plants such as potatoes and tomatoes were introduced

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

Imperialism

the control of another countries's political, economic, or cultural life by another

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Buddhism

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

Confucianism

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct

5 Relationships

ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, elder friend to younger friend

Meiji Restoration

The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism

Sun Yatsen

this man was a radical Chinese reformer who sought to overthrow the government

Extraterritoriality

living in a section of a country set aside for foreigners but not subject to the host country's laws

Causes of First World War

Militarism, alliances, nationalism, industrialism, assasination

Great War Technologies

Airplane, tank, submarine, trench warfare, chemical warfare

Russian Revolution

a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917

Alliances during WWI

Allied Powers, which consisted of England, France, Russia and ultimately, Italy, and the Central Powers, which were led by Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Spheres of Influence

areas where foreign powers are granted exclusive rights or priveliges

Casement Report

A report made by Sir Roger Casement as an order by the British Consul in the Congo. The report was an investigation of the brutality going on in the Congo. It had over a dozen pages recording testimonies from victims abuse

Berlin Conference

Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa

Motivations of Imperialism

economic benefit, building empires for national prestige, and to spread religion

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims

Japan Imperialism

Japan industrialized and modernized their country

Sepoy Rebellion

a failed rebellion against the rule of the British East India Company (EIC) in India

Indian National Congress (INC)

(1885) The goal of INC was to seek independence for all Indians from the British, regardless of class or religious background.