AP Art History CA 1-2 (36)

Content Area 1: Global Prehistory

Apollo 11 stones

Ancient carved stones from prehistoric Africa, dating back to around 25,500-25,300 BCE, featuring animal figures and possibly serving ritualistic purposes.

Great Hall of the Bulls

A large cave in Lascaux, France, featuring extensive prehistoric paintings of bulls and other animals, created around 15,000 BCE, which may have had ceremonial significance.

Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine

Ancient Mesoamerican sculpture made from the sacrum of a camelid, resembling a dog or wolf, created by indigenous cultures and thought to be used in ritualistic contexts.

Running horned woman

A prehistoric rock painting from Algeria, depicting a figure with horns running, created around 6000-4000 BCE. It is believed to represent spiritual or ceremonial themes.

Beaker with ibex motifs

A ceramic vessel from Susa, Iran decorated with stylized images of ibexes, created around 4200-3500 BCE, often associated with funerary practices or elite burial contexts.

Anthropomorphic stele

A carved stone slab from ancient Arabia, depicting a human figure without much detail, created around 4000-3000 BCE, often associated with burial practices and marking territories.

Jade Cong

A cylindrical jade artifact from ancient China, characterized by its circular inner and square outer sections, created around 3000-2000 BCE, believed to have ritual significance or use in burial contexts.

The Ambum Stone

A prehistoric stone sculpture from Papua New Guinea, resembling an echidna, created around 3500 BCE. It is often interpreted as a ritual object, possibly serving as a reference to fertility or ancestor worship.

Stonehenge

A prehistoric monument located in England, consisting of a circular arrangement of large standing stones, erected around 3000-2000 BCE, believed to have been used for ceremonial or astronomical purposes.

Tlatilco female figurine

A small ceramic sculpture from the ancient Tlatilco culture in Mesoamerica, created around 1200-900 BCE, often depicting women with exaggerated features, possibly representing fertility or other societal roles.

Terra cotta fragment

A shard of baked clay often used in ancient pottery, typically from the Minoan civilization, dating to around 2000-1400 BCE, showcasing intricate designs or decorations.

Statues of votive figures

Sumerian statues in Iraq, dating to around 2700 BCE, made of Gypsum inlaid with shells which were used for attentive eyes, Dedicated to the Sumerian god of vegetation.

Seated Scribe

Egyptian limestone sculpture from the old kingdom, 4th Dynasty, 2620-2500 BCE, where a realistic scribe with relatively high status was sculpted. Evidence of ability to write for the upper classes.

Standard of Ur

Three-level banner on wood inlaid with shells and painted, the front side depicts war and the back depicts peace. In Iraq, dating 2600-2400 BCE, made with imported lapis lazuli and red stones.

King Menakura and Queen

Old kingdom, 4th dynasty dyad sculpture of Greywake, depicting the pharoh and queen that were previously painted.

Great Pyramids of Gizeh and Sphinx

Dates to 2550-2490 BCE, Egyptian structures built during the 4th Dynasty, all aligned with cardinal directions and served as tombs for pharohs.

Code of Hammurabi

Carved basalt written in cuneiform listing 280 laws that governed the Susa, now in Iran. Displays the most powerful king at the top being gifted a ring and staff by the sun god.

White Temple and its Ziggurat

Mud brick temple in Iraq that was in the center of its city. Made in 3500-3000 BCE, it served as a symbol of the city’s power.

Pallette of King Narmer

Greywake, ceremonial painted tablet in a temple of an Egyptian king. Painted from 3000 to 3920 BCE, it depicted the king unifying both parts of Egypt and defeating enemies.

Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer

1275 BCE painted paper scroll depicting the process of an Egyptian king being granted access to the afterlife, and passing the final judgment. New kingdom, 19th Dynasty.

Akhenton, Nefertiti, and three daughters

1353-1335 BCE limestone carving from north central Egypt depicting a relatively informal setting where the king and queen sit facing each other, with their children.

Temple of Amun-Re

1250 BCE temple built by the Egyptian New Kingdom. The layout of this temple is intended to replicate the Egyptian world origin myth.

Lammasu, from the citadel of Gorgon II

Assyrian sculpture of a diety inside a temple and ziggurat. Built in 720-705 BCE in modern-day Iraq, the sculptures acted as guardians of the portal to the afterlife.

Anavysos Kouros

Sculpted in 530 BCE, one of many archaic models of ideally proportionate human forms. Deeds were inscribed at the bottom, and he was made to inspire the viewer to follow his joining the army.

Peplos Kore from Acropolis in Athens

530 BCE marble sculpture of female figures used as votive offerings to deities in Archaic Greece. Were damaged by the Persian invasions.

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

520 BCE Etruscean sculpture of terra cotta that depicts a husband and wife on a banqueting couch. Shows the deceased enjoying their lives, similar to Greek style.

Audience Hall of Darius and Xerxes

520-465 BCE Persian limestone temple built in modern-day Iran. Features tall, thin, and spread out pillars supporting the roof.

Temple of Minerva

Temple made of wood, mud bricks, and tufa that was made in Greece in 510-500 BCE. Used sometimes as a storehouse and for worship.

Sculpture of Apollo

Greek sculpture of terra cotta depicting a god, made in 510-500 BCE.

Tomb of the tryclinium

a 470-480 BCE underground tomb painted and designed to be ceremonial. Fresco paintings by the Etrusceans commemorate the progression of an individual to the afterlife.

Niobedes Crater

Red figure clay pot painted by Niobit Parer, from Classical Greece in 460-450 BCE. Depicts the myth of a woman’s punishment due to angering the goddess Leto being her children’s murder. The other side shows Pericles.

Acropolis

447-410 BCE city made entirely of marble by the Athenians designed by Ikinas and Kallikrates. Doric temple in the center of the city, fitted entirely without mortar and used for several purposes as the region was conquered.

Dory Phoros

Also known as ‘Spear bearer‘ a marble remake of an originally bronze Greek sculpture made by the Romans. Polyklietos designed an idelistic human warrior ready for battle in 450-440 BCE.

Grave Stele of Hegeso

Painted marble stele made in Athens in 410 BCE, by Kallimachos. Perhaps the first stele to honor a deceased female individual, depicting her in an informal setting receiving jewelry from a servant.

Al-khazneh

Nabatean carving made into sandstone cliffs which served as not only tombs but as places of residence. Motifs were taken here from Greece and the structure would impress all traders who entered this central trading route.

Athenian Agora

Plan for an Archaic city in Greece, designed 600-150 BCE. This hellenistic city was central to the Greek empire. Significant walls surrounded it, and philosophers would reside here.

Mortuary temple of Hatsheptsut

Sandstone temple carved into a cliff in Egypt, New Kingdom. Built 1473-1458 BCE, that contained several different statues in worship of the first Egyptian female to lead as Pharoh.

Tutankhamun’s Tomb

Golden coffins wrapped several times to preserve an Egyptian Pharoh’s body. From 1323 BCE, hundreds of pieces of art and jewelry were found inside the coffin.