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Open Ocean Photic Zone
top 100 meters. low nutrient levels and supports only smallest phytoplankton. Because of large area, most photosynthesis on Earth occurs here.
What factors affect life in aquatic ecosystems?
Aquatic organisms are affected primarily by the water's depth, temperature, flow, and amount of dissolved nutrients.
What are the major categories of freshwater ecosystems?
Rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, and freshwater ecosystems
freshwater wetlands
An aquatic biome that is submerged or saturated by water for at least part of each year, but shallow enough to support emergent vegetation.
types of freshwater wetlands
bogs, marshes, and swamps
Bogs
ponds covered in thick floating mats of vegetation
Swamps
shallow water in forested areas
How do ecologists usually classify marine ecosystems?
By depth and distance from the shore
open ocean aphotic zone (abyssal)
area too deep for sunlight
Photic zone
Portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate.
aphotic zone
permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone
rivers and streams
areas of flowing water often originating from underground sources in mountains or hills
lakes and ponds
slow moving and confined water gives plants a chance to attach
Salt Marshes/Estuaries
Bodies of water that are home to specific types of organisms that thrive in a saltwater habitat.
intertidal zone
Portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tide lines
Coastal Ocean
marine zone that extends from the low-tide mark to the end of the continental shelf
Open ocean
deep ocean water, located away from the shoreline where sunlight can no longer reach the ocean bottom
Deep Ocean Adaptations
heritable traits that animals in the aphotic zone receive
Simple body plans
a characteristic used to conserve energy for animals in the depths of the ocean
Bioluminescence
trait in which organisms produce light to attract prey, attract mates, and confuse predators
Methods
certain tactics used to gather food without over using energy
Translucent
provides the best form of camouflage, as there is nothing to hide behind
large eyes
used to see when the light penetration is as low as 1%
long appendages
regulate the very high amounts of pressure in the photic zone.
Mangrove Swamp
A type of coastal wetland found in tropical and subtropical regions. Characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs, mangrove swamps provide essential habitats for diverse marine and terrestrial species. They act as natural buffers against storms, erosion, and tidal waves, while also filtering pollutants and improving water quality.
What special adaptations do the manta rays?
They would open there mouth around their prey and the would prey would just swim in
Marine snow
Small detritus particles that fall from the photic zone above
Sea spider
has long legs used to gather marine snow without wasting energy
small body also enables them to float