Ap World History Unit 5 Significant People

John Locke

Author of "Two treaties of government" viewed political life as social contract, argued that social contract implied the right of citizens to revolt against unjust government. Thought people had natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of property. Essay," Essay concerning human understanding" proposed child mind was like a "blank slate" waiting to be filled with knowledge. Emphasis on enviornment and education in shaping people was radical.

Baron Montesquieu

Famous for"the spirit of laws" which praised british government's use of checks on power because it had parliament. He influenced the American system, adopting his ideas shy separating its executive branch(president) from legislative branch(federal judiciary), it was important to writers of American and France Constitution.

Voltaire

This is his pen name, best known for social satire candide(1762), famous for wit and advocacy for social liberties. Exiled 3 years with conflict with a member of french artiocracy, lived in England and developed approach for constitutional monarchy and regard for avil rights, brought ideas to france and campained for religious liberty. Corresponance with heads of state and extensive writings are still voted, his ideas influenced U.S. constitution.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Contemporary of Voltaire, a writer who expanded the idea of social contracts as they had passed down through the work of Hobbes and Locke. One of his early works was Entitle which he laid out his ideas on child-rearing and education. Later wrote the social contract, which presented the concept of General Will of a population and the obligation of a sovereign to carry out that general will, an optomist who believed that society could improve, inspired many revolutionaries.

Theodor Herzi

A austro-hungarian Jew who led the Zionism movement.

Adam Smith

One of the most influential thinkers of Enlightenment, in the book " Wealth of Nations he responded to Mercantilism by calling for fur trade. He did support some government regulations he generally advocated for laiseez-faire and his ideas provided a foundation for capitalism.

Henri de Saint-Simon

Of france, believed that scientists and engineers, working together with business, could operate clean, efficient, beautiful places to work that produced things useful to society. He proposed building the Suez canal in Egypt, a project that the French government later undertook and opened in 1869

Charles Fourier

Indentified some 810 passions that, when encouraged, would make work enjoyable and workers less tired. A Eutopian socialist, believed that fundametal principle of utopia was harmonious living in communities rather than the class struggle that was the basic thinking of karl max.

Robert Owen

Born in Great Britian, he established intentional communities-small socieites governed by the principles of utopian socialism in New Lanark, Scotland, and New Harmony, Indiana, He believed in Education for children who worked, communal ownership of property, and community rules to govern work, education, and leisure time.

Simon Bolivar

A cerole who continued to push for Enlightenment ideas in Latin America, he became important in the independence of the areas that became Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru. Born in Venezula to family whose ancestry had been aristocrats and the family had grown wealthy and would use toward revolutionary area, had military success in Latin America with fighting with Spanish, his forced achieved formation of Gran Columbia

Toussaint L' Ovverture

A former merchant slave that joined the Haitan revolts in 1791 and lead a general rebellion against slavery, he was well-read in enlightenment thought and proved to be a capable general. His army of Enslaved Africans and maroons started an independent government and he created a constitution that granted equality and citizenship for everyone and declared himself governor for life. He worked with the french, but they captured him and he died in france in 1803. But he stopped slavery and put them on the path to freedom from France.

Lola Rodriguez de Tio

Recognized poet during era of little educational opportunity for women, became famous for eloquent critiques of Spain's exploitive rule over Puerto Rico. Her home became meeting place for political thinkers and revolutionaries. At meetings, she began to sing lyrics to revolutionary song,"La buriare", which encouraged her fellow puerto ricans "Awake from your sleep for its time to fight." The 1868 uprising from her critic writings again ended in exile this time in Cuba. Once there she wrote and worked for cuban independence and earing her exile there too NYC. She returned to cuba in 1899 and spent her remaining years as a campainer for social justice there.

Guiseppe Mazzini

Had own philosphy called the radical revolutionary philospohy, he had called for Italian resurgance since 1800s.

Guiseppe Garibaldi

Led the red shirt military force and was fighting furthur south in the Kingdom of Naples. Allied with Cavour.

Otto von Bismarck

Prussian leader who favored real politk, used nationalist feelings to engineer through wars to bring about German unification. He manipulated Austria to participate in two wars the first with prussia against denmark and second between prussia and austria with prussia winning both. They also went to war with France and beat them in Fransco-Prussia wars and with all 3 war they gained territory. Under new German Empire by him made up of this new territory.

James Hargreaves

Invented the Spinning Jenny in 1765

Richard Arkwright

Patented the water frame in 1769 and considered the father of the factory system.

Eli Whitney

An inventory who in 1798 created a system of Interchangeable parts and his system directly led to the division of labor.

Alexander Graham Bell

Was issued a patent for the telephone in 1876.

Guliemo Marconi

An Italian Physicist whose experiments helped develop the Radio. In 1901, he was able to send and achieve a radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean. After futhur reform movements and inventions, the radio became a form of popular mass media.