APUSH Unit 3 Terms and Important People Study Guide

reciprocal monopoly

colony provides resources for mother country to manufacture

salutary neglect

brits temporarily stopped regulating navigation laws; colonists recognize they are part of the crown but are not SUPER regulated by it

sugar act

taxed sugar and molasses

quartering act

forced colonists to house and feel british soldiers

declaratory act

said parliament had absolute power over the colonial government

townshend acts

taxed glass, paper, tea, leads

stamp act congress

1st convention called for by american colonies

stamp act

taxed all printed goods (ex: playing cards, legal documents, newspapers(

boston massacre

7 british soldiers fired into the crown of unruly bostonians who had been throwing snowballs at them; 5 killed, 6 wounded, ANGERED colonists

sons of liberty

secret organization of colonists who fought british rule and taxation; they organized the boston tea party

daughters of liberty

protested british taxation and urged colonial economic independence through boycotting british goods

admiralty court

british-colonial court with no jurries; policy was guilty until proven innocent

nonimportation agreements

colonial protest to boycott/not import goods from the mother land (england)

committees of correspondence

promoted colonial manufacturing and advised colonists to avoid british imports

boston tea party

colonial protest organized by the sons of liberty

intolerable/coercive acts

series of laws passed to punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party; lead to the 1st continental congress

quebec act

established british rule and government in formerly french quebec

1st continental congress

convention of delegates from 12/13 colonies that met in philadelphia as a response to the intolerable acts

battles of lexington and concord

first battle of the revolutionary war; british soldiers wanted to take colonial weapons and arrest John Hancock and Samuel Adams on their way to concord

valley forge

encampment where george washington and his poorly equipped army spent a long, freezing winter

camp followers

women and children who followed the continental army during the revolutionary war to cook, sew, and clean

william pitt

member of the british cabinet, helped win the french and indian war, treated the colonists fairly, strong leadership

john hancock

wealthy boston merchant, signed the declaration of independence, was the president of the 2nd continental congress, LEADER OF PATRIOTS

george grenville

british prime minister from 1763-1755, passed navigation laws and the sugar act to pay for the french and indian war (7-year war) debt

charles "champagne charlie" townshend

british prime minister, brilliant parliament speeches while drunk, persuaded parliament to pass townshend acts

crispus attucks

wampanoag/african killed in the boston massacre

george the 3rd

mentally unstable king of england from 1760-1820

lord north (frederick north)

british prime minister during most of the revolutionary war; tea act and intolerable acts were passed during his tenure

samuel adams

prominent founding father from boston, political activist, a son of liberty who organized the boston tea party

thomas hutchinson

british colonial administrator in massachusetts, key loyalist, hated by Samuel Adams and John Adams, had a role in the tea act, fled to england

marquis de lafayette

french nobleman who fought with and became close to george washington, was involved in the siege of yorktown

baron von stueben

prussian military officer, george washington made him the inspector general of the continental army, he wrote the "Blue Book" (drills and regulations for the continental army)

lord dunmore (john murray)

supported the british, royal governer of virginia

dunmore's proclamation

enslaved people who took up arms for the british would be granted freedom

continental association

colonial group in 1774 that coordinated the boycott of british goods to protest the intolerable acts

second continental congress

delagates fro all 13 colonies met in philadelphia in may of 1775, adopted the declaration of independence

bunker hill

1st major battle of the revolutionary war (june 1775), colonists built fort on breed's hill, british captured it

olive branch petition

colonists' final offer of peace to britain, said they would remain loyal to the british government if it addressed their grievances (repeal the intolerable acts, no more taxation without representation)

hessians

german mercenaries hired by king george the 3rd

common sense

pamphlet written by thomas paine; colonists should free themselves from the british and establish their own government from enlightenment ideas

declaration of independence

formal document from the 2nd continental congress with reasons for the colonial separation from the british

declaration of the rights of man

adopted during the french revolution, based on the declaration of independence

patriots

american rebels "whigs"

battle of long island

american loss, ships with 35000 british troops came, george washington met them with 18000 colonial troops and then escaped to manhattan island

battle of trenton

george washington surprised and captured 1000 hessian troops

battle of saratoga

burgoyne surrendued to horatio gates (american), ensured aid from france, turning point in the revolutionary war

model treaty

by the continental congress, wanted commercial partnerships, not political or military "entanglements"

treaty of fort stanwix

signed by the iroquois and the U.S., granted ohio to the U.S., first treaty between america and a native population

privateers

privately owned, armed ships ordered by congress to attack british ships

battle of yorktown

george washington overtakes the british, french naval fleets prevent british reinforcements from arriving

treaty of paris

(1783) british formally recognize the independence of the U.S. because of John Jay's disregard of orders (went to London instead of negotiating with Paris)

ethan allen

american soldier whose troops helped capture fort ticonderoga, leader of the patriot group the green mountain boys

benedict arnold

american general who helped defend fort ticonderoga, later tried to help the british take west point and the hudson river, was declares a traitor

richard montgomery

former british officer who captured montreal for the colonies

thomas paine

persuasive writer, wrote "common sense" pamphlet in 1776

abigail adams

wife of 2nd president john adams, tried to get women's rights into the declaration of independence and opposed slavery

richard henry lee

proposed resolution of colonial independence (led to the declaration of independence)

lord charles cornwallis

british general who was defeated at yorktown ending the revolutionary war in the americans' victory

william howe

british general at bunker hill, part of the british attack on philadelphia

john burgoyne

british general who captured fort ticonderoga but lost the battle at saratoga

benjamin franklin

founding father respected in europe for his discoveries on electricity

comte de rochambeau

commanded french forces that helped the colonists beat the british

nathanial greene

quaker american general who defeated cornwallis with his fight, retreat, fight tactic

joseph brant (thayendanegea)

mowhak warrior who alligned himself with the british

george rogers clarke

surveyed the kentucky territory during the revolutionary war, VERY high-ranking officer from virginia

admiral de grasse

french who won the battle of capes, stopped the british navy from reinforcing yorktown and ensured cornwallis' surrender

articles of confederation

1st american constitution, weak national congress that couldn't tax or regulate commerce

old northwest

territory from states, north west of the ohio river, east of the mississippi river, and south of the great lakes

law ordinance (1785)

provided a plan for surveying and selling land in the old northwest, delegated profits towards national debt

northwest ordinance

created policy for administering northwestern territorie, had path to statehood and forebade expansion of slavery into the territories

shay's rebellion

armed uprising of massachusetts debtors, inspired fears of "mob-rule", showed the articles of confederation weren't powerful enough

virginia plan

bicameral legislature, both houses are based on population

new jersey plan

unicameral legislature, equal representation for all states

the great compromise

bicameral legislature, equal representation in the senate, representation by population in the house of representatives

common law

laws that originate from court rulings and customs

civil law

laws enacted through legislation and the constitution

3/ths compromise

each slave counts as 3/5ths of a person for taxes and representation purposes

electoral college

system where the president and vice president are selected through electors assigned to states by population

anti federalists

against the constitution, want power for state governments

federalists

support the constitution, want power in a strong central government

The Federalist

collection of pro-constitution essays used as constitutional interpretations

society of the cincinnati

association of veteran officers from the revolutionary war, was accused of trying to establish a hereditary aristocracy

disestablish

to separate an official state church from its connection with the government.

virginia statute for religious freedom

prohibited state support for religious institutions and recognized freedom of worship

civic vitue

concept that democracy is established and maintained by citizens' ability to work selflessly for society's common good

republican motherhood

the idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" and republican values in their children

daniel shays

leader of shay's rebellion in massachusetts, was mad about farmland mortgages

patrick henry

champion of states' rights, chosen as a delegate of virginia to congress but declined

albany plan

proposal by the _____ Congress, under the guidance of benjamin franklin, during the french and indian War. It called for a confederation of colonies to defend against attack by European and native foes

war of jenkin’s ear

land squabble between Britain and Spain over Georgia and trading rights. Battles took place in the Caribbean and on the Florida/Georgia border

whigs

supported the colonists in the revolutionary war

tories

supported the british in the revolutionary war

Pontiac’s Rebellion

An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area.