Biosci 107 Lecture 1 Notes
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on human biology, focusing on cell and tissue types, organ systems, and levels of structural organization.
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31 Terms
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A type of endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals.
Mitochondrion
Organelles that are the powerhouses of the cell, producing ATP through aerobic respiration.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A type of endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Microfilament
A structural component of the cytoskeleton that contributes to cell shape and movement.
Centriole
Cylindrical structures involved in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.
Nucleus
The membrane-bound organelle that houses genetic material and controls cellular activities.
Ribosomes
Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.
Lysosome
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Epithelial Tissue
One of the four basic tissue types, it covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
Connective Tissue
A basic tissue type that provides support and structure to the body by binding other tissues together.
Muscle Tissue
Tissue composed of cells that can contract and produce movement.
Nervous Tissue
Tissue that processes and transmits information through electrical impulses.
Chemical Level
The most basic level of organization in the body, consisting of atoms and molecules.
Cellular Level
The basic unit of life, where cells perform essential functions.
Tissue Level
Groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
Organ Level
Structures formed from two or more tissue types working together to perform specific functions.
System Level
Groups of related organs that work together to perform complex functions.
Organismal Level
The highest level of organization, where all body systems function together to maintain life.
Integumentary System
The body system that protects against environmental hazards and regulates body temperature.
Muscular System
The body system that enables movement through contraction of muscle tissue.
Skeletal System
The body system that provides structure, support, and protection to the body and facilitates movement.
Nervous System
The body system that processes sensory information and coordinates responses.
Endocrine System
The body system that produces hormones that regulate various body functions.
Lymphatic and Immune System
The system that defends against infections and disease.
Cardiovascular System
The system responsible for the circulation of blood and transportation of nutrients.
Respiratory System
The system that facilitates breathing and gas exchange.
Digestive System
The system responsible for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients from food.
Urinary System
The system that eliminates waste products from the body and regulates water and electrolyte balance.
Reproductive System
The system responsible for producing offspring.
Histology
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
