Chemistry Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Geometry

These flashcards cover key concepts related to intermolecular forces, molecular geometry, and thermodynamics in chemistry.

Lewis Structure

A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Intermolecular forces that occur between polar molecules due to the attraction of opposite charges.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative elements N, O, or F.

Dispersion Forces

Weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary shifts in electron density in molecules.

Phase Diagram

A graphical representation showing the equilibrium between different phases (solid, liquid, gas) of a substance as a function of temperature and pressure.

Viscosity

A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow.

Surface Tension

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid, resulting from cohesive forces among liquid molecules.

Triple Point

The unique set of conditions at which all three phases (solid, liquid, gas) of a substance coexist in equilibrium.

Sublimation

The phase transition from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction between molecules, including dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces.

Polar Molecule

A molecule with a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds and an asymmetrical shape.

Nonpolar Molecule

A molecule that does not have a net dipole moment, often due to symmetrical shape.

Molecular Geometry

The three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Condensation

The process where gas turns into liquid.

Vaporization

The transition of a substance from liquid to gas.

Exothermic Process

A process that releases energy in the form of heat.

Endothermic Process

A process that absorbs energy from its surroundings.

Polar Bonds

Bonds between atoms with differing electronegativities, resulting in a charge separation.

Symmetrical Molecule

A molecule whose charge distribution is even, often resulting in nonpolarity.