MedTerm.Ch.9--DigestiveSystem

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60 Terms

1

aerophagia

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking

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2

anastomosis

a surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

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3

antiemetic

a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

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4

ascites

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

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5

bariatrics

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases.

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6

borborygmus

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.

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7

cachexia

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass

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8

canker sores

also known as aphthous ulcers, are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth.

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9

celiac disease

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten.

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10

cheilitis

also known as cheilosis, is inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth.

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11

cholangiography

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium.

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12

cholanitis

an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice.

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13

cholecystectomy

the surgical removal of the galbladder.

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14

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile.

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15

cholelithiasis

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

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16

cirrhosis

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring.

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17

colonoscopy

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

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18

colostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface.

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19

Crohn’s Disease

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract

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20

dental prophylaxis

the professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar.

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21

diverticulitis

the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon.

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22

diverticulosis

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall.

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23

dyspepsia

also known as indigestion, is pain or discomfort during the digestion process.

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24

dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing.

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25

endoscopy

a visual examination of internal structures.

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26

enema

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity.

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27

enteritis

an inflammation of the small intestine

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28

eructation

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

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29

esophageal varices

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

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30

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract.

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31

gastroduodenostomy

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum.

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32

gastroesphageal reflux disease (GERD)

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus.

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33

gastroparesis

a condition in which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying.

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34

gastrotomy tube

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach.

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35

hematemesis

the vomiting of coagulated blood.

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36

Hemoccult test

also known as the fecal occult blood test, is a laboratory test for hidden blood in stool

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37

hepatitis

an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection.

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38

hiatal hernia

an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm.

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39

hyperemesis

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration.

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40

ileus

the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine.

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41

inguinal hernia

the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin.

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42

jaundice

a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes.

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43

leukoplakia

an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek.

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44

malocclusion

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth.

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45

melena

the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools.

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46

nasogastric intubation

the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube (NG tube) through the nose and into the stomach.

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47

obesity

weight classificatio based on BMI that are higher than a healthy weight for someone based on their height, gender, and age.

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48

palatoplasty

surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip.

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49

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system.

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50

peristalsis

a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system.

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51

polyp

a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane.

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52

proctologist

a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus.

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53

regurgitation

the return of swallowed food into the mouth.

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54

salmonellosis (salmonella)

transmitted by feces, direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products.

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55

sigmoidoscopy

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, the sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.

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56

stomatitis

an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

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57

trismus (lockjaw)

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer.

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58

ulcerative colitis

chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers

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59

volvulus

the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction.

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60

xerosromia (dry mouth)

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands.

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