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strength of twin studies
provides supporting evidence
for example, 46% CR in MZ twins and 20% CR in DZ twins, suggesting depression is at least partly genetic
supports the idea that psychological characteristics are determined by biology
limitation of twin studies
research involves use of twin studies
identical twins are raised in the same environment, meaning not possible to disentangle role of genes and role of environment
can’t be sure whether CR is due to being genetically identical or being treated similarly
raises questions regarding validity
evolution
process by which successive generations of organisms change
genotype
genetic makeup inherited by an individual
phenotype
observable characteristics of an individual that are expressed
and are a result of interaction between the genotype and the environment