Religious Studies Paper 1 : Religions (JDSM + CHRSTNTY)

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80 Terms

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Corrymeela

A Christian community in Northern Ireland promoting peace and reconciliation
"'Blessed are the peacemakers'" | "'You have given us the ministry of reconciliation'"

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Informal worship

praising God how you feel you should
"'Worship in spirit and truth'" | "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind and strength'"

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Believer's baptism

Ceremony to welcome a believer into the faith
"'Repent and be baptized'" | "'Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit'"

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Lourdes

place of pilgrimage used for miraculous healing through water
"'Give us this day our daily bread'" | "'Nothing is impossible with God'"

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Worldwide Church

the family of God (Christians) across the world
"'Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit'" | "'Blessed are the peacemakers'"

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Set prayer

A liturgical prayer (Lord's prayer)
"'Our Father in Heaven'" | "'Give us this day our daily bread'"

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Eucharist/Communion

the last supper/bread and wine (sacrament)
"'Take this in remembrance of me'" | "'They devoted themselves to the breaking of bread'"

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Pilgrimage

a religious journey
"'Give us this day our daily bread'" | "'Taste and see that the Lord is good'"

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Reconciliation

restoring a broken relationship
"'Blessed are the peacemakers'" | "'You have given us the ministry of reconciliation'"

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Liturgical

a set structure/order of service
"'Everything should be done in a fit and orderly way'" | "'Our Father in Heaven'"

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Private prayer

A personal (often non-liturgical) prayer
"'They devoted themselves to prayer'" | "'Close the door and pray to your Father in secret'"

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Transubstantiation

the bread and wine miraculously become Jesus' flesh and blood
"'This is my body'" | "'This is my blood'"

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Easter

where Christians celebrate the death and resurrection of Jesus
"'The curtain was torn in two'" | "'He is risen'"

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Evangelism

Spreading the good news of Jesus
"'Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit'" | "'Love your neighbor as you love yourself'"

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Infant Baptism

Ceremony to welcome a child into the faith
"'Evil is ingrained within us' (John Stott)" | "'Eve took the apple and gave it to Adam'"

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Non liturgical

no set structure/order of service
"'Worship in spirit and in truth'" | "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind and strength'"

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Iona

place of pilgrimage used for reflection and meditation
"'Our Father in Heaven'" | "'Taste and see that the Lord is good'" | “They devoted themselves to prayer”

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Christmas

where Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus
"'The word became flesh and dwelt among us'" | "'For God so loved the world He gave His only Son'"

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Persecution

ill-treatment based on religious beliefs
"'Blessed are the peacemakers'" | "'You have given us the ministry of reconciliation'"

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Omnipotent

God is all-powerful
"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth" | "Nothing is impossible with God"

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Trinity

God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit
"The spirit of God hovered over the waters'" | "'The word became flesh and dwelt among us'"

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Incarnation

God in human form
"'The word became flesh and dwelt among us'" | "'For God so loved the world He gave His only Son'"

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Salvation

the saving of the soul from sin
"'For God so loved the world He gave His only Son'" | "'All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God'"

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Holy Spirit

God's presence on earth
"'The spirit of God hovered over the waters'" | "'The spirit descended like a dove'"

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Omnipresent

God is present everywhere at the same time
"'Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?' 'Where can I go from your Spirit?'" |

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Freewill

to be able to make a choice
"'All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God'" | "'Eve took the apple and gave it to Adam'"

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Resurrection

physically coming back from the dead
"'He is risen'" | "'On the third day he rose'"

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Judgment

God's decision on right and wrong
"'Let justice roll like a river'" | "'He will come to judge the living and the dead'"

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Saved by faith

saved from sin through faith in Jesus
"'It is by grace you have been saved, through faith'" | "'Repent and believe'"

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Omniscient

God is all-knowing
"'You know the end before the beginning'" | "'Eve took the apple and gave it to Adam'"

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Problem of evil

God cannot be both omnipotent and omnibenevolent as evil exists
"'He will wipe away every tear from their eyes'" | "'We know that suffering produces perseverance'"

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Ascension

Jesus being taken up to Heaven (40 days after resurrection)
"'He left them and was taken up into heaven'" | "'All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me'"

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Sacrament

an outward sign of an inner grace
"'This is my body, this is my blood'" | "'Baptize them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit'"

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Saved by works

saved from sin through doing good actions
"'Faith without deeds is dead'" | "'Forgive our sins as we forgive those who sin against us'"

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Omnibenevolent

God is all-loving
"'For God so loved the world He gave His only Son'" | "'Love is patient, love is kind'"

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Creation

the universe was created by God in 6 days
"'In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth'" | "'On the seventh day He rested'"

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Crucifixion

form of execution that Jesus faced
"'The curtain was torn in two'" | "'The wages of sin is death'"

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Original sin

we are born with the sin that started at The Fall
"'Evil is ingrained within us' (John Stott)" | "'Eve took the apple and gave it to Adam'"

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Grace

God's unconditional and unmerited love and favor
"'For God so loved the world He gave His only Son'" | "'All have sinned and all fall short of the glory of God'"

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Synagogue

Jewish place of worship meaning coming together
"'My house shall be called a house of prayer'" | "'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night.'"

INFLUENCE: Important as they are were Jews would meet for worhsip and study (shul) and the center for Jewish communtiy as well as festivals and celebrations

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Rabbi

leader of the Jewish community
"'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night!'" | "'Hear O Israel, The Lord is our God, the Lord alone.'"

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Tenakh

the Jewish scriptures

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Aron Hakodesh

ark of the covenant; houses the Torah scrolls
"'The Glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle" | "'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night.'"

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Amidah

standing prayer in the synagogue
"'My house shall be called a house of prayer'" | "'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night.'"

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Talmud

commentary on the Jewish law
“Do not murder” “Let justice roll like a river”

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Ner Tamid

light in the synagogue that never goes out (God's presence)
"'My house shall be called a house of prayer'" | "'I will take you as my own people, I will be your God.'"

INFLUENCE: Reminds them of the power of Gods enternal presence.

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Minyan

minimum of 10 adults needed to worship

(All men in orthodox, any sex in reform)
"'My house shall be called a house of prayer'" | "'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night.'"

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Brit Milah

circumcision; birth ceremony for boys
"'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night!'" | "'Every male among you must be circumcised'"

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Marriage

the joining of husband and wife
"'Be fruitful and muliply" | "'A man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, so that they become one flesh.'"

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Rosh Hashanah

Jewish New Year
"'My house shall be called a house of prayer'" | "'In the year that King Uzziah died, I beheld my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne.'"

Influence
A time to reflect on the year, bad and good deeds
They blow the Shofar horn to symbolise their call for repentance
Spend time in Synagogue
It is believed that your name is written into one of 3 books by God on Rosh Hashanah”

  • The Book of Life - Wholly Good

  • The Book of Death - Truly evil

  • an intermediate book - where most names are written into

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Mourning

grieving the loss of a loved one
"'I will take you to be my people, and I will be your God'" | "'Jacob rent his clothes'

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Yom Kippur

the day of atonement
"'My house shall be called a house of prayer'" | "'You shall practice self-denial'"

INFLUENCE: Chance to reconcile with god on the sins that you have committed

  • No sex

  • Lasts 25 hours

  • No work is to be done

  • Wear white (shows purity)

  • Dont wear leather

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Kosher

proper or lawful for Jews (food)
"'Do not boil a kid in its mother's milk'" | "'Do not partake in the blood, for the blood is life'"

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Pesach

Passover festival (Reminder of liberation from slavery)
"'I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.'" | "'You shall eat unleavened bread.'"

Influence: Celebrated so they do not forget those who escaped slavery

They eat the Seder meal - Foods with meaning

  • Karpas - A green vegetable dipped in salt water

    • Symbolises new life and the tears shed by the Jews in Slavery

  • Maror - Bitter herbs

    • Symbolsing bitterness of slavery

  • Baytsah - An egg that is left and not eaten

    • to represent sacrifices made in the Temple

  • Charoset - Sweet Potato

    • Shows Jews that life is sweeter now

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Bimah

reading platform in the center of the synagogue
"'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night.'" | "'My house shall be called a house of prayer'"

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Shabbat

Jewish holy day
"'Honor the Sabbath day and keep it holy'" | "'on the seventh day he rested from all his work.'"

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Bar Mitzvah

a Jewish boy becoming part of the Jewish community
"'The boy grew up and the Lord blessed him" | "'His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law he meditates day and night.'"

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Treyfah

forbidden foods
"'Do not boil a kid in its mother's milk'" | "'Do not partake in the blood, for the blood is life'"

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Ketubah

marriage contract
"'Hear O Israel, The Lord is our God, the Lord alone.'" | "'Walk in my ways and be blameless'" | “a man will leave his father and mother and become one flesh”

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Key Moral Principles

certain behavior that Jews must follow
"'Walk in my ways and be blameless'" | "'Love your neighbor as you love yourself'"

INFLUENCE: Will follow a certain way of life in order to live by these key moral principles.

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Tzedekah

key moral principle - charity and justice
"'Let justice roll like a river'" | "'To do justice and to love goodness'"

INFLUENCE: They will donate to charities.

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Monotheism / God as one

the belief in one God
"'Hear O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord alone'" | "'In the year that King Uzziah died, I beheld my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne'"

INFLUENCE: God is the only source of all morlality and values. They will speak the Shema and regard it as important”

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Orthodox Jews

Jews with traditional beliefs
"'Walk in my ways and be blameless'" | "'Do not murder'"

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Messiah

'anointed one' / someone to liberate the Jews
"'They shall beat their swords into plowshares'" | "'The Lord hereby anoints ruler over His people'"

  • Bring about peace

  • Bring all jewish people from around the world back to Israel (land promised to Abraham)

  • Rebuild the Temple

Reform believe it is not a single Messiah but an age we all must bring

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Covenant

an agreement / promise
"'Walk in my ways and be blameless'" | "'Hear O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord alone'"

INFLUENCE: Live by the covenenat in order to go to Gan Eden

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Sanctity of life

life is holy, sacred and given by God
"'Made in God's image'" | "'He who destroys one soul... destroys a world'"

INFLUENCE: Break the mitzvots in order to save a life as well as break shabbat in order to perform life-saving actions.

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Creator

God made the world from nothing
"'In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth'" | "'Made in God's image'"

INFLUENCE: Belief in sanctity of human life. They will try to resepect other human beings and presever life.

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Reform Jews

Jews with progressive beliefs
"'Love the Lord with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength'" | "'Love your neighbor as you love yourself'"

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Mitzvot

613 commandments (laws)
"'Do not murder'" | "'Walk in my ways and be blameless'"

INFLUENCE: They will follow the laws as they are God’s special people as well as to avoid assimilation.

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Abrahamic Covenant

*Happens first

the agreement between God and Abraham
"'Walk in my ways and be blameless'" | "'Circumcise the flesh'"

INFLUECE: Jews will follow the mitzvot to be “blameless”. They will perform Brit Milah (circumcised 8 days old"). Jews blieve they are God’s chosen people.

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Pikauh Nefesh

saving a life that overrides the mitzvot
"'Made in God's image'" | "'He who destroys one soul... destroys a world'"

INFLUENCE: They will break the Mitzvots in order to save a life as well as disagree with the death of someone in any regard e.g authanasia, abortion and capital punishment as welll as break laws surrounding Shabbat in order to follow the Sanctity of life.

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Judge

God's decision on right and wrong
"'Let justice roll like a river'" | "'He will come to judge the living and the dead'"

INFLUENCE: Jews (especially orthodox) want to keep the mitzvot so that God will judge them positively.

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Law giver

God gives the law and judges based on it
"'Honor the Sabbath day and keep it holy'" | "'Many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to eternal life, others to everlasting abhorrence'"

INFLUENCE: Shapes jewish morality e.g dietary laws, apart of Jewish distintive identity.

Bar & Bat MItzvah translate to “son” or “daughter” of the commandments” and where they are now responsible for their actions

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Gan Eden

where good people go when they die
"'Many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to eternal life, others to everlasting abhorrence'" | "'Love your neighbor as you love yourself'"

INFLUENCE: Live a life by the Mitzvots and by the Torah in the hopes of going there.

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Mosaic/Sinai Covenant

the agreement between God and Moses (decalogue)
"'Do not murder'" | "'I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery'" | “Follow in my ways and be blameless”

INFLUENCE: Because they were saved from slavery by God → They should obey his mitzvot out of gratitude to Him.

Because God said not to worship other gods → this reinforces the fact that they are God’s people and should only worship him.

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Freewill

to be able to make a choice
"'Eve took the fruit and gave it to Adam'" | "'Do not murder'“

INFLUENCE: Jews will make the descion to follow the rule of God even will freewill.

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Shekhinah

divine presence
"'God called to Moses from within the bush'" | "'Pillar of cloud by day, Pillar of fire by night'"

INFLUENCE : Ner Tamid (Everlasting light) in the synagogue, which represents God’s presence.

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Life after death

after judgment, there will be eternal life in Gan Eden or Gehenna
"'Many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to eternal life, others to everlasting abhorrence'" | "'Love your neighbor as you love yourself'"

INFLUENCE: Priorities on how they live their life in order to get to Gan Eden. Following the Mitzvots to prepare for judgement. Mourning rituals, how they react to someones death in the knowlege of this process.

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Gehenna

where bad people go when they die
"'Many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to eternal life, others to everlasting abhorrence'" | "'Love your neighbor as you love yourself'"