APUSH American Pageant Chapter 3 AMSCO Unit 2

Protestant Reformation

after German Friar Martin Luther denounced priests & said the Bible was the only true source of God's word, rebellious reform sparked; later, John Calvin began Calvinism (God has complete control)

Church of England

begun in England after King Henry VIII broke ties with the Catholic Church and the Pope

Puritans

believed in Calvinism, thought the Church of England could be saved, and commonly lived in the woolen district + the crown agreed with them

Separatists

Puritans that broke from the Church of England and wanted to have a separate church as they were angry that in England, the "holy" mixed with the "damned" as all members were welcome; they fled to Holland (and later Plymouth on the Mayflower) as the crown threatened to expel bothersome Separatists

Mayflower Compact

as a step toward self-government, it set a precedent for later constitutions as the majority ruled + believed in the 2Bs: beaver (sustenance of the body) and the Bible (sustenance of the soul)

Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC) advantages

formed by Puritans after Archbishop's execution, it started with roughly 1,000 people (the most of any colony); educated people immigrated & they prospered due to fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding along with a shared sense of purpose

Great Migration (1630s)

70,000 refugees fled England, however, not all of them were Puritan and only 20,000 came to the mainland (many went to the West Indies)

"city upon a hill"

Governor Winthrop of the Puritan bay colonists declared this city a holy society

Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC) government

in provincial elections, all male congregational church members could vote; in town governments, all male property holders (sometimes more) could vote; majority-ruled (not democratic) with a separation of church and state

Anne Hutchinson

an intelligent Puritan woman removed from Massachusetts (after fooling prosecutors) as she claimed that holy life wasn't surefire salvation (from a direct revelation from God); later helped found Rhode Island

Roger Williams

an intelligent Puritan man who said to break from the Church of England (it couldn't be saved), that the MBC charter was illegal, and that the government couldn't rule over religion; later founded Rhode Island, a land tolerant of any religion despite his views where all men could vote (welcome to the unwelcome) (began as a squatter colony in 1636 but received a charter in 1644)

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

a modern-constitution that had a regime democratically-controlled by substantial citizens

New England settlers & Native Americans (Wampanoag)

at first they were friendly (i.e. a treaty), but as settlers moved inland, hostilities began (ex. Pequot War), leading to an uneasy peace for 4 decades until Metacom (King Philip) launched an intertribal attack on the English colonists

King Philip's War

it slowed the westward march of colonists but since Native numbers were so low, they became a small threat to the colonists

New England Confederation

where 4 colonies banded together (2 Massachusetts and 2 Connecticut) during the English Civil War to protect eachother from threats (Natives/French/Dutch/runaway servants)

Navigation Laws

a series of laws that banned American trade with anybody except for the English that lead to smugglers

salutary "benign" neglect

when the Navigation Laws were weakly enforced as the crown was occupied with other matters; English-appointed leaders controlled the colonies, making Americans unhappy

Dominion of New England

imposed from London, they began to harshly enforce the Navigation Laws, causing Americans to lose their freedom due to taxation without representation; the leader Sir Edmund Andros lived in Puritan Boston but followed the Church of England, angering colonists

Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution

a relatively peaceful overthrow of King James II for Netherland's King William III and Mary II (James II's daughter) --> the Dominion collapsed, Massachusetts became a royal colony, and all male landowners could vote

New Netherlands

after the Dutch East India Company employed Henry Hudson, the Dutch claimed the Hudson river area

New Amsterdam

originally the New Netherlands, it was established to use the fur-trade for a quick profit for stockholders that fostered many languages

patroonships

vast feudal estates in New Amsterdam used by the aristocrats that housed over 50 people each

New York

after King Charles II gave his brother, the Duke of York, the land of New Amsterdam, they assembled a squadron and forced surrender, although the land still had Dutch influence

Quakers/Society of Friends

a religious group that refused authorities (both religious and governmental), refused to take oaths, refused to pay taxes, and refused conventional titles; hated war -- wanted peace

William Penn

attracted to Quakers at 16, he received a flogging; later, he wished to set up an asylum for Quakers, make a profit, and experiment with liberal ideas; he advertised Pennsylvania, or "Penn's Woodland," later receiving many immigrants

Philadelphians/Pennsylvanians and Native relations

Penn bought land from the Natives; Quakers used the Natives as "babysitters"; South Native tribes moved North to this area

Pennsylvanians

various ethnic groups/religious misfits moved to Pennsylvania due to there not being a state, tax-funded church, all land owners voted in the general assembly, and there was freedom of worship (although London forced Catholics and Jews to be unable to vote)

Middle Colonies

places with fertile soil, broad land, rivers for fur-trading, lots of industry, intermediate landholding, ethnic mixing, religious toleration, democratic control, and "mid-way" between many North and South aspects

bread colonies

Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey due to their heavy grain exports