Chapter 7 Vocab

Vertical transfer

between different generation

Horizontal transfer

between strain from same generation

Genetic transformation

naked DNA

Conjugation

Involve a pili (G-) and sticky (G+) and a plasmid

Transduction

bacteriophage

Conjugative plasmid

carry gene for sex pili and transfer of plasmid

Dissimilation plasmid

code for enzymes catabolizing unusual compound

R factor

encode for resistance gene on plasmid

Transposon

small segment of DNA

Sepsis

microbial contamination

Asepsis

absence of significant contamination

Sterilization

removing all microbial life

Commercial sterilization

killing C. botulinum endospores

Disinfection

removing pathogens

Antisepsis

removing pathogens from living tissue

Degerming

removing microbes from a limited area

Sanitization

lowering microbial counts on eating utensils

Biocide/germicide

killing microbes

Bacteriostasis

inhibiting, not killing, microbes

Thermal death point (TDP)

lowest temperature at which all cells in a culture are killed in 10 min

Thermal death time (TDT)

time during which all cells in a culture are killed

Decimal reduction time (DRT)

Minutes to kill 90% of a population at a given temperature

Disk diffusion method

MIC

Phenol

• biguanide disrupt plasma membrane

Iodine

alter protein synthesis

Ethanol

denaturate proteins and dissolve lipids

Heavy metal

denaturate proteins