Circulatory system

circulatory system

system in which muscles control the movement of fluid so that it follows a specific path

cardiovascular system

circulatory system that pumps fluid around the body with a specialized organ (heart)

metabolism

the chemical processes of the body

open transport system

blood does not stay contained by vessels, less efficient

closed transport system

blood is pumped around in a network of vessels

single circulation

blood only travels through the heart once every complete circuit

double circulation

blood is pumped through the heart twice every cycle

incomplete double circulation

heart has only 3 chambers, deoxygenated and oxygenated blood mixes therefore not all blood circulates twice

systemic circulation

path of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

cardiac circulation

path of blood vessels to serve the heart muscle

pulmonary circulation

path of blood from the heart to the lungs and back

pulmonary vein

only vein containing oxygenated blood

arteries

carry blood away from the heart at high pressure (thick outer wall, small lumen)

veins

carry blood towards the heart at low pressure (thin outer wall, large lumen)

atrioventricular valves

separate atria and ventricles (tricuspid & mitral)

semi-lunar valves

separate ventricles and vessels (pulmonary valve & aortic valve)

blood

composed of 55% plasma (fluid) and 45% cells (solid)

erythrocytes

aka red blood cells, transport O2

hemoglobin

4 iron atoms able to bond with for O2 molecules

leucocytes

aka white blood cells, protect from pathogens

lymphocytes

WBCs that recognize pathogens

macrophages

WBCs that engulf pathogens

thrombocytes

aka platelets, fragments of cells secreting fibrin to clot blood