Exam 2 Term : Roman Art and Archaeology

programmatic

usage of art with design or thought behind the message

apotheosis

deification or glorification to a divine status

nodus

hair knot

Roman children in art

- pictured but unusual

- acted childlike (no longer little adults)

- depicted due to birthrate concerns

Parthians

eastern empire that Augustus negotiated the return of the Roman army standards with

marmora

marble and other decorative stone

carrara marble

italian, white, typical marble

caryatid

female statue in place of a column

summi viri

“highest men”, shown in gallery of famous Roman men

elogia

speech of praise and gratitude, based on funerary orations

plebian style

highlights the best perspective, regardless of realism

trimalchio

piece of satire about opulent burials

manumission

release from slavery

aqueduct

takes water from its source and is a constant flow where the grade has to be maintained

castellum aquae

water tower

theater

half circle performance area, opens onto one side

amphitheater

full circle performance area, surrounded by a crowd

Cameo

artworks carved onto colored stone, making the image and the background different colors

Villa at Sperlonga

Tiberius’s grotto, with flooded caves and an island dining room

damnatio memoriae

death of memory, all traces of a person removed

bulla

hollow pendant, set aside at adulthood and dedicated to the gods

basilica

court of law

Domus Aurea

golden place of Nero, includes octagonal elite room

Severus and Celer

“focused” and “quick”, highly trained but likely enslaved architects of the Domus Aurea

Templum Pacis

elite space with museums, garden, libraries, and treasures from the golden house

velarium

bracket / awning where sailcloths could be hung to provide shade in the amphitheater

triumphal procession

social ritual, granted by senate, where you parade with your army and spoils

Campania

bay of naples

plaster casts

poured to get impressions but covered bones

tepidarium

warm

caldarium

hot

frigidarium

cold

hypocaust heating system

used thermodynamics to heat the floors and water

80 BCE

Pompeii becomes a colony

59 CE

riot between Nuceria and Pompeii

62 CE

earthquakes in Pompeii

79 CE

mt. Vesuvius erupts

lararium

little temple with daily observances for luck

lares

family gods

imitation of architectural forms

1st style

opening of vistas into imaginary spaces

2nd style

small, architectural frames with floating landscapes and forms

3rd style

prospective architecture and mythological scenes, focused on a single moment

4th style

Herculaneum

wealthy city encased in ash, lava, and boiling mud, has lots of information about people

adlocutio

address

profectio

setting forth (to conquer)

Forum Transitorium

the “crossing through” forum that had once been a street, included a temple to MinervapoA

Apollodorus of Damascus

the architect that removed the hill to make way for the Forum and Market of Trajan

groin vault and fenestration

style of interlocking arches that keeps out heat with shade but lets in light

imago clipeata

shield with images of ancestors

alimenta

social food program instituted by Trajan