Plant Tissue Systems

3 types of tissues in plants

1. Dermal
2. Vascular
3. Ground

Dermal tissue system

Tissues covering the outer surface of the plant

Types of dermal tissues

1. Epidermal tissue
2. Specialized cells

Epidarmal tissue

* A thin layer of cells that cover the surface of leaves, stems and roots
* Root hairs are an extension of the root epidermal tissue that inscrease the surface area for water and nutrien absorption
* Epidermal tissue on leaves creates a waxy cuticle that protect the plant from water loss

Specialized cells

* Guard cells creat openings in the cuticle which allow gases (CO2) to enter the leaf for photosynthesis.
* Openings called stomata
* Guard cells can change their shape to open and close the opening
* The majority of stomata are located on the underside of the leaf to reduce water loss (evaporation) and to leave the upper surface for photosynthesis

Vascular tissue system

* All plant tissues responsible for conduting materials within a plan
* Vascular tissue of a plant is like our circulatory system. It transports water, nutriens and other chemicals throughout the plant

Types of vascular tissue

* Xylem
* Phloem

Xylem

* Elongated cels that, once matures, are hallow tubes with no organelles staced end to end to creat a tube from roots to the shoots
* Transport water from the roots to the leaves of the plant
* Once xylem cells are matures they are no longer living tissue

Phloem

* Transports sugars created by potosynthesis, other chemicals and hormones throughout the plant
* Phloems cells are living tissue

Vascular tissue is arranged in 2 different ways:

* Monocot
* Dicot

Monocot

Vascular bundles (one xylem and one phloem tube) are arranged randomly throughout the stem

Dicot

Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring formation

Ground tissue

* All plant tissues other than those that make up the dermal and vascular tissue systems
* Composed of all the tissue in between the dermal tissue and the vascular tissue
* Preforms different functions in the different parts of the plant

Function in roots

* Storage of carbohydrates

Function in stems

Provides storage and support

Function in leaves

Preforms photosynthesis

Types of ground tissues

* Parenchyma
* Collenchyma
* Screlenchyma

Parenchyme

* Photosynthesis
* Food storage
* Healing and tissue regeneration

Chollenchyma

* Support in young stems, roots, and petiols

Sclerenchyma

* Rapid support
* Protection