PSAT English

-They didn't believe in us, God did!

Clause

subject + verb

Phrase

omits subject or verb or both

Independent clause

clause and complete thought

dependent clause

clause and an incomplete thought

DC type 1

introduced by subordingating conjunction

DC type 2

introduced by relative pronoun

subordinating conjunctions

although, because, if, though, when, while

relative pronoun

that, which, who, whom, whose

Compound sentence

2 or more ICs, joined with a comma and a FANBOY

complex sentence

1 IC and 1 or more DCs

Participal

a verb form used as an adjective, typically ending in -ing or -ed.

participal phrase

participle with modifiers

absolute phrase

noun/pronoun + participle/participle phrase + modifiers

apposotive

noun/noun phrase describing neighboring noun

apposotive phrase

apposotive + modifiers

preposition

word(s) connecting nouns, pronouns, and phrases

prepositional phrase

preposition + noun/pronoun + modifiers

Perfect tense

indicating an action is completed or perfect

progressive tense

describe actions that are ongoing or in progress at a specific time

antecedent

words referred to by a pronoun, must agree in age and number

Faulty modifier

A modifier that is incorrectly placed causing ambiguity or misinterpretation.

its vs it’s

use “it is” for it’s

Dash

used before a clarification or list or abrupt stop in speech.