Chemistry (solution and concentration)

Solution

A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances, with a solute dissolved in a solvent.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

The substance in which the solute is dissolved.

Dilute Solution

A solution with a low concentration of solute.

Concentrated Solution

A solution containing a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

Saturated Solution

A solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than can typically be dissolved at that temperature, often achieved through heating and then cooling.

Concentration

A measure of how much solute is present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.

Molarity (M)

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molality (m)

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Mass Percent (% m/m)

The mass of solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100.

Volume Percent (% v/v)

The volume of solute divided by the total volume of the solution, multiplied by 100.

Parts per Million (ppm)

A measure often used for very dilute solutions, equivalent to 1 mg of solute in 1 liter of water.

Dilution Equation

An equation used to prepare a dilute solution from a concentrated stock solution, expressed as C1V1 = C2V2.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Safety gear worn to minimize exposure to hazards, which can include gloves and goggles.