History Chapter 2

Study Guide Notes

Middle Ages

Middle Ages

Lack of writing, fragmented kingdoms, rise of RCC, and Crusades

Renaissance

Rebirth of knowledge, learning, art, and humanism

Ancient Greece

Athens and Sparta

Athens

education focused, birthplace of democracy

Sparta

Military and women’s rights focused

Ancient Rome

First republic; got too big and fell apart

Motives (GGG)

God, Gold, Glory

Christopher Columbus

Tried to sail to India but discovered the Americas

Mercantilism

A way of increasing a monarchs wealth by colonizing and having more exports than imports

Mother Country

The country where colonists came from to live in another land. 

Jamestown

First colony, founded by the VA co. on the James River. House of burgesses is their govt.

House of Burgesses

First legislative body in the Americas

John Smith

Took charge and saved Jamestown after it took 3 Ls

John Rolfe

Cross bred tobacco and cultivated it

Tobacco

Major cash crop, “Brown Gold”

Cash Crop

Crops grown on plantations that sold for a lot

Plantation

Large farm for growing cash crops

SPEC

Setting, Politics, Economy, Culture

New England Colonies (NEC)

New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island

NEC natural resources

Fish, timber, cattle, furs, iron

NEC politics

Mayflower Compact, town meetings, church congregations, self govt

NEC setting

long, cold winter, short, cool summer

NEC economy

Manufacturing, trade, fishing

NEC culture

Pilgrims, Puritans, church of england = bad

Puritans

Group who valued religious freedom; Protestants who wanted to reform,
or change, the Anglican Church

Middle Colonies (MC)

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania (founded by William Penn), Delaware

MC setting

average temperatures and seasons

MC natural resources

(Breadbasket) Wheat, rye, Quaker oats, corn

MC politics

colonists picked proprietors, who picked governors, who picked council to make laws. Self govt

MC economy

trading and farming, sending products via rivers

MC culture

Quakers/ melting pot

Southern Colonies (SC)

Georgia, South and North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland

SC setting

Warm and humid, long hot summers

SC natural resources

tobacco, indigo, cotton, rice

SC politics

House of Burgesses , self govt

SC economy

Agriculture, many plantations w/ indentured servants

SC culture

semi-diverse, catholics and protestants

Indentured Servants

people who agreed to work for 4-7 years in exchange for passage

Capital

Cash

Charter

permission slip

Colony

area of land settled to be ruled by another distant country

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World

dissenter

People who disagreed with England’s new church

Culture

A people’s unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas. 

Economy

Having to do with business; the way people spend money and the way people make money

exports/imports

goods sent out of/into a country

Finished products

Goods that have been created
or manufactured and are ready to be sold.

manufacture

make

History

The record of the events of the past

Context Clues

 The circumstances and setting that provide background information about an event, statement, or idea.

Monarchy

Government in which power is in the
hands of a single person, usually a king or a queen

Mayflower Compact

  The first governing document of Plymouth Colony that promoted ideals of self-government amongst settlers

Middle Passage

The second leg of the Triangle Trade, Africa to America, Inhumane and disgusting

new world

Refers to North America, South America + the Caribbean 

Natural rescources

Any raw materials
humans take from nature to make things that they need. 

Old world

Refers to Europe, Asia, and Africa

persecute

To harass or punish another
due to their race, religion, or political beliefs. 

pilgrim

Protestants who journeyed to the colonies for a religious purpose

protestant

A person who protested for change in the Catholic Church

protestant reformation

Religious movement in which people began to question the RCC + created a new type of Christian faith

Quaker

 Religious group that rejected Church of England’s practices and promoted ideas of tolerance, equality, + spirituality.

Reform

change

Triangle trade

The three part trade route on which people and goods were exchanged between Americas, Africa and Europe. 

tolerance

Acceptance of different opinions, beliefs, and/or traditions

D.I.E.

Deep water, Inland, Empty

Why the NEC were founded

As a safe place to practice beliefs

Why the MC were founded

As a trading post

Why the SC were founded

Economic and religious reasons

Legislature

Lawmaker

Pros of Columbian Exchange

Expanded trade route

Cons of Columbian Exchange

Brought pests and diseases to the Americas

Brought slavery to America

Europeans needing laborers in the New World

The Outward Passage

First leg of triangle trade, Europe to Africa

The Homeward Passage

Third leg of triangle trade, America to Europe

How long did it take to get from Africa to America (Middle Passage)

5-12 weeks

How did slavery impact Africa

Decreased the population and changed cultures

Reasons People Move

Religious Freedom and Colonizing

How long has Slavery existed

Forever

Slaves vs. Enslaved People

Enslaved People

Reasons people were enslaved

Owing a debt, being captured, being born to enslaved parents

Country that imported the most enslaved people

Brazil

Men and women separated in slave ships

to decrease chances of revolts

Tight packing on ships (versus loose packing)

Situation where there often were 292 men at a time on a ship, 130 below deck

Slave Codes

Laws for enslaved people, such as no reading, firearms, etc.

Auctions

Enslaved people were sold at prices depending on age, race, skills, and gender at…