Honors Bio Systems

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Biology

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32 Terms

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plasma
liquid part of blood-dissolved nutrients/gases. mostly consists of water
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red blood cells
RBC(erythnocytes) carry oxygen, contain hemoglobin(iron)
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white blood cells
WBC(leukocytes) immune system, help fight disease.(neuttrophilis, macrophages)
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platelets
cell fragments, help clotting
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Mouth
saliva and teeth begin the process breaking down food.
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esophagus
slowly moves food from the mouth to the stomach
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stomach
briefly stores and breaks down food into small pieces
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Small intestine
the breakdown of food is completed and nutrients move through it and into the bloodstream. (Absorbtion of nutrients)
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large intestine
the breakdown of food is completed and nutrients move through it and into the bloodstream. (Absorbtion of water)
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rectum
stores waste until it can be removed from the body
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anus
place which waste is removed from the body
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Digestive System
breaks down food into substances cells can absorb and use
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Circulatory System
delivery system of the body. It delievers nutrients and O2 throughout cell and picks up waste
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Respiratory System
brings O2 into body and removes CO2
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Nervous System
recieves stimuli from inside and outside of the body and responds to change. Maintain homeostasis
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Integumentary system
The skin protects and provides a barrier to keep out foreign materials and to prevent body from drying out
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endocrine system
regulates body functions through chemical messengers called hormones, controls homeostasis, growth, and development.
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reproductive system
preforms reproduction, controls male and female functions and behaviors
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excretory/urinary system
disposes of waste and controls body fluid levels
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immune system
fights infection and illness. Includes white blood cells.
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skeletal system
provides support and structure to the body. Blood cells are made in bone marrow.
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muscular system
allow movement of bones and body parts by working with the nervous and skeletal system
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positive feedback
In positive feedback mechanisms, the original stimulus is promoted rather than negated. Positive feedback increases the deviation from an ideal normal value.
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negative feedback
A negative feedback mechanism, often known as negative feedback homeostasis, is a pathway that is triggered by a deviation in output and produces changes in output in the opposite direction of the initial deviation.
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aorta
largest artery in the heart; carries blood away from heart to body
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pulmonary arteries
moves blood away from the heart and into lungs. Gains O2 loses CO2
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atrium
chambers that recieve blood. Thin walled.
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ventricles
chambers that push blood out
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pulmonary veins
moves blood from lungs to heart
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arteries
carry blood away from the heart
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veins
carry blood to the heart
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capillaries
smallest vessels where diffusion takes place