First Aid

Primary Survey (DRSABC)

Dangers/Safety of myself,bystanders,cas

Response

Send for help

Airway

Breathing (Look,listen,feel) (10Secs)

Circulation

999

Secondary survey

• Conduct a head-to-toe physical exam:

  Carefully examine the casualty from head to toe, looking for any signs of injury, including swelling, bruising, wounds, or deformities. 

• Monitor vital signs:

  Continue to monitor the casualty's vital signs, such as their breathing, heart rate, and level of consciousness. 

• Document your findings:

  Make detailed notes about your findings, as this information will be crucial when communicating with emergency services. 

Responsiveness (AVPU)

Alert

Voice

Pressure/Pain

Unconcious/Unresponsive

Average pulse

60 - 100 Bpm for an adult

Reasons for unconciousness (FISHSHAPED)

Fainting

Imbalance of heat

Shock

Head injury

Stroke

Heart conditions

Asphyxia

Poisoning

Epilepsy

Diabetes

Treatment of concious cas (SEEP)

Sit/Lay

Examine/Expose

Elevate

Pressure

What is first aid?

The initial care and treatment given to a casualty.

Aims of first aid

Prevent worstening

Preserve life

Premote recovery

First Aiders aim to be

Safe

Prompt

Effective

CPR what to do and how

30 Chest compressions to 2 Breaths. Must tilt head back while performing rescue breaths and pinch nose during breaths. Chest compressions to 5/6cm amd lock arms.

What is an AED

Automatic External Defibrilator

AED placement

They are labeled with instructions. For an adult, One on the right side chest above pecs. The other on left side around liver

Signs/Symptoms of Strokes (BEFAST)

Balance (Veering off from straight line walking/Standing

Eyes (Disturbed vision)

Face (Left side droopy)

Arms (Left arm drops)

Speech (Slurred speech)

Time (Time is critical)

Testing for a suspected stroke

Raise both arms and see if left arm drops.

Push/Pull test for tension difference

Burns survey (Scald)

Size

Cause

Age

Location

Depth

Types of burns

Electric burns

Chemical burns

Natural burns

Average pints of blood in an adult

9 Pints/Every 1 stone = 1 pint

How much bloodloss before a risk of shock?

Losing more than 10% of blood risks shock

What happens with an arterial cut (Artery cut) What does the blood do?And why?

The blood squirts out of the wound because the heart is pumping the blood still.

PIPCUTS Signs For fractures/Breakages

Pain

Irregular movement

Powerloss

Crepitus

Unusual shape

Tenderness

Swelling/Bruising

Types of wounds (CLIPGADA)

Contusions

lacerations

incisions

Puncture

Gunshot

Abrasion

Degloving

Amputation

What do you do with an amputated body part?

Seal body parts in two plastic bags, with a towel with ice or freezing cold water.

Sample questions

Signs/Symptoms

Allergies

Medication

Past medical history

Last oral intake

Events

PERRLA

Pupils Equal Round And Reactive To Light And Accomodating

Seizure first step

Oxygen mask and check if sats are 98% and maintaining. Then can remove.

When giving glucogel you must

Put casualty in recovery position or situp. Not to be on back whilst administering.

How to administer glucogel

Put on lower gums and massage outside to work it into gums or ask casualty if they could swallow.