Chemistry Final

why is the hydrochloric acid bottle empty...

How did Mendeleev organize the periodic table?

Organized the periodic table according to increasing atomic mass

How did Moseley organize the periodic table?

Organized the periodic table according to increasing atomic number

What information is found in each element’s square on the periodic table?

The square on the periodic table identifies the element’s symbol and atomic number

Atomic Mass

The average mass of the element’s isotopes

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

What is the trend for electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius as you move left to right across a period?

The electronegativity and ionization energy of an element both increase. The atomic radius will decrease

Elements in the same group on the periodic table will have what properties in common?

They have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons

What element on the periodic table has the greatest electronegativity?

Fluorine

What is the periodic trend for atomic radius?

It decreases as you move left to right across a period. The atomic radius will increase as you move down a group

Valence electron pattern on the periodic table

The number of valence electrons is determined by the group and increases as you move left to right across a period (exception: transition metals). Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons

What are some properties of the alkaline earth metals?

Reactive, good conductors of heat & electricity, and high melting points

How do protons, neutrons, and electrons determine the properties of an atom?

Protons determine the element identity. The electrons determine the reactivity of an element. The neutrons help determine the mass of the element

What are the properties of the element fluorine?

Group 17 nonmetal (halogen), extremely reactive, and will take electrons from other elements

What is the electron configuration of sulfur?

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

Why does an alkali metal easily form compounds?

Group 1 metals are extremely reactive and will easily lose their one valence electron

When a metal and nonmetal react to form a compound, it is considered to be

Ionic

What is the formula for iron (III) oxide?

Fe2O3

What are the properties of CaCl2?

Calcium chloride is a brittle ionic substance that will dissolve in solution and has a high melting point

What are the properties of NaCl?

Sodium chloride is a brittle ionic substance that will dissolve in solution and has a high melting point

What is the formula for mercury (I) oxide?

Hg2O

Describe a methane (CH4) molecule and its molecular geometry.

Methane molecules have a tetrahedral shape and have a carbon atom singularly bonded to 4 separate hydrogen atoms

What are the properties of HCl?

It’s hydrogen chloride since it is not in solution and it forms a covalent bond

Which types of substances form metallic bonds?

Formed between 2 or more metals

What are some properties of substances that form metallic bonds?

Good conductors of heat & electricity, malleable, ductile, and have a lustrous appearance

What are the properties of a metallic bond?

The electrons in a metallic bond exist in a ‘sea of electrons’ and are shared amongst the positively charged nuclei

What are some of the properties of glass?

Glass is a brittle substance that has a high melting point and is not a good conductor of heat or electricity

How does new information alter a scientific theory?

When new information is presented, a scientific theory will be modified to reflect the new information

What was Rutherford’s experiment?

Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha particles. As a result, the majority of the alpha particles passed through, however, a few bounced back. This led him to conclude that the atom had a small dense nucleus and was mostly empty space

What property lends itself to an atom being considered chemically stable?

It has a complete energy level with 2 OR 8 valence electrons

How can you determine the identity of a neutral element?

You can determine the identity of a neutral atom by the number of protons OR the number of valence electrons