ATP: Structure, Breakdown, and Resynthesis

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to ATP, including its structure, breakdown, resynthesis, and properties as an energy source.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, a nucleotide derivative that serves as the energy currency of the cell.

Structure of ATP

Composed of adenine, ribose (a pentose sugar), and three phosphate groups.

Hydrolysis of ATP

The reaction where ATP is broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphate through the addition of water and catalysed by ATP hydrolase.

ATP hydrolase

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Energy coupling reactions

Reactions in cells that require energy from ATP hydrolysis, such as active transport and protein synthesis.

Phosphorylation

The addition of inorganic phosphate to other compounds, making them more reactive.

Resynthesis of ATP

The process of converting ADP and inorganic phosphate back into ATP, catalyzed by ATP synthase during respiration and photosynthesis.

Condensation reaction with ATP

A reaction that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by removing a water molecule.

Suitable properties of ATP

Releases energy in small amounts so little lost in heat, allows for immediate energy release through a single bond hydrolysis, and cannot pass out of the cell.