Anatomical Directions, Planes and Positions

chapter 1 and 2

What does superior mean?

above

What does inferior mean?

below

What does anterior mean?

front / front side of the body

What does posterior mean?

back/ back of the body

What does medial mean?

towards

towards the midline of the body

What does lateral mean?

away from the midline

What does proximal mean?

closer to the trunk of the body

What does distal mean?

further away from the trunk of the body

What does superficial mean?

towards the surface

What does deep mean?

farther from the surface

What does ipsilateral mean?

same side of the body

What does contralateral mean?

opposite side of the body

What does the sagittal plane divide?

left and right sides

What does the transverse plane divide?

top and bottom

What does the frontal (coronal) plane divide?

front and back of the body

What does the dorsal cavity include?

Cranial and spinal cavities

What does the ventral cavity include?

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

What does RUQ stand for?

right upper quadrant

What does LUQ stand for?

left upper quadrant

What does RLQ stand for?

right lower quadrant

 What does LLQ stand for?

left lower quadrant

how many abdominal body regions are there?

9

name the 9 abdominal body regions and point to where they are located

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right illac region, hypogastric region, left illac region

how many organ systems are there? list them?

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Urinary, Nervous, Endocrine, Lymphatic,Immune, Reproductive

 Name one organ and one function of the integumentary system

organs - skin, hair, nails, glands within the skin

functions, makes vitamin D, helps control body tempt, prevents water loss, sensory organ for touch, pain, sensation. protective barrier aginsy external factors.

Name multiple organs and functions of the skeletal system.

Organs: Bones, ligaments, articulating cartilage
Functions: Movement, protection of organs, red blood cell production, calcium & phosphate storage

 Name multiple organs and functions of the muscular system.

Organs: Skeletal muscles, tendons
Functions: Voluntary movement, stability, support, body temperature regulation

Name multiple organs and functions of the digestive system.

Organs: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder
Functions: Ingestion, mechanical & chemical digestion, absorption, elimination

Name multiple organs and functions of the cardiovascular system.

Organs: Heart, blood, arteries, veins, capillaries
Functions: Blood propulsion, transport of gases & nutrients, immune protection, temperature regulation

Name multiple organs and functions of the respiratory system.

Organs: Lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Functions: Oxygen & carbon dioxide exchange, pH regulation

Name multiple organs and functions of the urinary system

Organs: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Functions: Removes nitrogenous wastes, regulates water, salt, and pH balance

Name multiple organs and functions of the nervous system.

Organs: Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, sense organs
Functions: Sensory input, motor output, monitors internal & external environment, maintains homeostasis

Name multiple organs and functions of the endocrine system.

Organs: Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes
Functions: Hormone production, regulates growth, metabolism, temperature, salt & water balance

Name multiple organs and functions of the lymphatic system.

Organs: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph
Functions: Returns fluid to bloodstream, immune surveillance, pathogen destruction

 Name multiple organs and functions of the immune system

Organs: Thymus, spleen, white blood cells
Functions: Destroys pathogens, immune response, cancer cell destruction

 Name multiple organs and functions of the reproductive system.

Organs: Ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, testes, epididymis, vas deferens
Functions: Produces gametes & hormones, carries fetus to term