Organelles

cytosol

the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended.
found in all cells
located in cytoplasm

cytoplasm

where cytosol is located
found in all cells
region between plasma membrane and nucelus

nucleus

holds DNA, genetic instructions, and ribosomes. contains genes
found in eukaryotic cells
located in middle of the cell, surrounded by nuclear envelope and membrane

cell/plasma membrane

selective barrier that allows oxygen, nutrient, and waste passage to service the cell
found in all cells
located at the very outside (inside cell wall for plants)

cell wall

protects cell (prevents physical damage) and gives cell shape and structure. made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and proteins
found in plants, fungi, protists, and prokaryotic cells.
(eubacteria made of peptidoglycan, archae dont)
located at the very outside

mitochondrion

uses oxygen to turn glucose into ATP (cellular respiration) and generates chem energy for the cell
found in eukaryotic cells
located in cytosol

chloroplast

converts light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar through photosynthesis
found in plant cells
located near cell wall in cytosol

ribosome

creates proteins by reading mRNA and translating it into amino acid string
found in all cells
bound ribosomes located outside of ER or nuclear envelope, free ribosomes located in cytosol

endoplasmic reticulum

smooth produces lipids, carbs (metabolism). rough produces ribosomes
found in eukaryotic cells
located on top of the nuclear envelope

golgi apparatus/body

processes proteins from ER (cis side), transports them to a new location (trans side), modifies and packages proteins in vesicles
found in eukaryotic cells
located near the nucleus

lysosome

cells digestive system that can also recycle old materials through hydrolysis. some come from golgi trans face. destroy worn out parts (autolysis) and programmed cell death (autopsis) can fuse w fuel vesicle and digest contents
found in animal cells
located in cytoplasm

central vacuole

a resivoir/waste dump, storage for water and waste, maintains water pressure, and keeps the cell in shape
found in eukaryotic cells (big in plants small in animals)
located in center of cytosol

centrosome

region where cells microtubules are initiated provides structure. centriole pairs help in cell division
found in animal cell
located near nuclear envelope

nucleoid

area of DNA with no nuclear envelope
found in prokarytic cell
located in the center

flagellum

motility structure composed of some microtubules (plasma membrane extension) that helps it move
found in bacterial, animal, and protist cells
located at the pole of the cell

peroxisome

specialized metabolic functions, takes hydrogen peroxide and converts it to water and oxygen. area for oxidation reactions, lipid biosynthesis, and cholesterol synthesis
found in eukaryotic cells
loocated in the cytoplasm

nucleolus

site of ribosome production. 1+ in a nucleus
found in eykaryotic cells
located in center of nucleus

chromatin

coil and condense to form chromosomes, which make DNA replication, etc possible. visible in a dividing cell
found in all cells
located in nucleus

plasmodesmata

cytoplasmic channels through cell walls to connect cytoplasm of adjactent cell, enables transport
found in plant cells
located in cell wall

contractile vacuole

a vacuole that discharges fluid and water from cells
found in freshwater protist cells
located in center of cell

cilia

hairlike fringe on a cell that helps it move through water
found in animal and protist cells
located on cell surface

tight junctions

establish a barrier between outer cell layers that prevents leakege of fluid, regulates solute movement
found in animal cells
located at the border between apical and lateral membranes

gap junctions

consist of membrane proteins. has pores to allow small molecules to pass through, enable cell comunication.
found in animal cells
located between plasma membranes

desmosomes

ashesion zone to fasten cells together like rivets, made of sturdy keratin proteins (in muscles to prevent tears)
found in animal cells
located along lateral membrane

cytoskeleton

protein microtubules, intermediate filaments & microfilaments to provide strength and shape to cell and anchor cell in place
found in eukarytic cells
located in cytoplasm

ECM

made up of glycoproteins such as
collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin