Killing bacteria

week 2

What is the main purpose of pasteurization?
A) To sterilize food by killing all microorganisms
B) To increase the nutritional value of food
C) To heat food to a specific temperature to kill harmful microorganisms
D) To make food more flavorful

To heat food to a specific temperature to kill harmful microorganisms.

Which of the following is a limitation of pasteurization?
A) It kills all microorganisms, including spores
B) It allows food to be stored without refrigeration
C) It does not kill certain microorganisms, like spores
D) It is ineffective in food safety

It does not kill certain microorganisms, like spores.

Disinfection involves using biocidal agents to:
A) Completely eradicate all forms of life, including spores
B) Kill all forms of cellular life, including viruses
C) Kill most microorganisms but may leave some life behind
D) Sterilize laboratory equipment

kill most microorganisms but may leave some life behind.

Which sterilization method uses steam under pressure to effectively eliminate microorganisms?
A) Dry heat
B) Chemical gases
C) Autoclaving
D) UV radiation

Autoclaving

Aseptic technique is most commonly used in which setting?
A) Food production
B) Laboratories and medical environments
C) Agricultural settings
D) Water treatment plants

Laboratories and medical environments

What is the primary purpose of aseptic technique?
A) To promote bacterial growth for research
B) To prevent contamination by microorganisms
C) To sterilize laboratory equipment
D) To enhance bacterial reproduction

To prevent contamination by microorganisms

Antibiotics are chemical agents used to treat __________ infections.
A) Viral
B) Fungal
C) Bacterial
D) Parasitic

bacterial

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve mechanisms to __________, __________, or __________ the effects of antibiotics, making treatment more difficult.

withstand, evade, overcome

Bactericidal antibiotics work by __________ bacteria, while bacteriostatic antibiotics __________ the growth of bacteria without killing them.

killing, inhibit

Selective toxicity in drug design ensures that antibiotics __________ bacterial cells while __________ harming human cells, which is essential to minimize side effects.

target, avoiding

Autoclaving is a method of sterilization that uses __________ under __________ pressure to kill all forms of microbial life, including __________.

steam, high, spores

The overuse and __________ of antibiotics in treating __________ infections, especially in agriculture, contributes to the development of __________ resistance.

misuse, non-bacterial, antibiotic