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Middle kingdom

Idea that China was the center of the universe

Mandate of Heaven

Approval of the gods

Dynastic Cycle

System that explained the rise and fall of Chinese emperors

Right To Rebellion

People had the right to rebel against a ruler if they believe he lost the Mandate of Heaven

Confucianism

Philosophy centered around social order and education

Legalism

Philosophy centered around strict punishment

Daoism

Philosophy that emphasized little or no interference

Sui Dynasty

Dynasty that united China after Period of disunity

Sui Wendi

Founder of Sui Dynasty

Fall of Sui Dynasty

Sui emperor lost mandate of heaven after numerous deaths from building projects

Tang Dynasty

Dynasty that followed the Sui Dynasty

Tang Tai Zhong

First emperor of the Tang Dynasty

Wu Zhao

First and only empress of China; introduced Buddhism

Buddhism

Buddhism is a religion based on removing desire and attachment and Dharma based off of the teachings of Buddha

Civil Service Exam

An exam that provided men with a path to become scholar officials/government leaders

Gentry Class

Upper class

Scholar Officials

Men who passed the civil service exam would reach this status

Foot binding

Chinese practice that

Landscape Painting

Art where nature is the main focus and the people portrayed seem small and irrelevant (mostly in black and white)

Poetry (Li Bo & Du Fu)

Li Bo had a more positive vibe in his poems while Du Fu had a more negative vibe because he failed his Civil Service exam

Inventions of Song Dynasty

gun powder, ship building improvements, rice cultivation, movable type

Hangzhou

Capital of Southern Song Dynasty

Jurchen

Manchurian people (Jin Empire) who forced the southern shift of the Song Dynasty

Mongols

Central Asian nomadic peoples

Genghis Khan

Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.

Kublai Khan

(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.

Khanate

one of several separate territories into which Genghis Khan's empire was split, each under the rule of family members

Yuan Dynasty

(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China.

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

Ming Hong Wu

Founder of the Ming Dynasty

Yongle

Chinese Ming emperor who pushed foreign exploration

Zheng He

Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia