kinesiology muscular system Exam #1 study

musculoskeletal system and capacity to shorten and produce tension

what is the active component and what does it have capacity to do?

smooth muscle (smooth appearance)

cardiac muscle (striated in appearance)

skeletal muscle (striated too)

what are 3 types of muscles?

75% heat energy and 25% used for ATP, function protects and absorbs energy at joints, and assists with venous return of blood

what heat production and what is the function and what happens of pressure?

thin & long (myfribrils), fiber covered with sarcolemma, and fiber encased in endomysium

what is microstructure of skeletal muscles look like?

z line is at the ends, actin bolts to filaments, myosin grabs actin, cross bridge is myosin grabbing actin.

what is at the end of each sarcomere and what does actin and myosin and what is it called?

m line and is anchored by titan.

what is in middle of z line and what is it anchored by?

fascicle (held by perimysium, bundle of 100 fibers)

muscle (held by epimysium, bundles of several fascicles)

tendons (muscle tension to bone)

what is the macrostructure of a muscle?

reduces friction, bursa (synovial fluid pads) Tendon sheath (synovial fluid tube wrapped)

why do muscles attach to tendon and pull?

origin- close

insertion- far

what is origin and what is insertion?

longitudinal is in a line for pull (fastest) and pennate is at an angle as more fibers present (slowest)

what is longitudinal and pennate muscle fiber and speeds?

concentric active muscle shortens (curls)

eccentric active muscle lengthens (slow rep)

isometric stays same length (hold plank)

what are the 3 muscle contractions and what they do?

main muscle moving muscle (creates torque) and creates opposite torque (tug a war)

what are agonists and antagonists?

stabilizer (creates torque prevent joint action) and neutralizer (creates torque prevent undesired action of another muscle)

what are the 2 roles of muscle and what they do?

where muscle contraction is (relaxation is where myosin let go of actin

dictated by how many cross bridges

actin & z lines slide toward middle sarcomere

actin & z lines slide away from middle sarcomere

what is sarcomere, tension, concentric activation, and eccentric activation

cross bridge attach & detaches in a second and increased frequency by stimuli by motor neuron

what is twitch and tetanic response?

30 N/cm2, shorter muscle=more force and vice versa

what does muscle produce, muscle length says, what happens when muscle is shortening

attach to myosin head, pull from ATP, release to keep going

3 step process of force