APUSH John Marshall court cases

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801-1835

What was john marshall

a federalist

what did John Marshall believe in

national supremacy, economic growth, independence and power of judicial branch

Marbury Vs. Madison issue

judicial review, partisan politics

Marbury vs. Madison background

Federalist congressmen passed the Judiciary act of 1801. Adams (federalist) appointed “midnight judges”, but Jefferson (DR) didn’t deliver comissions. Marbury sued for his job

Marbury vs. Madison outcome

Supreme court established its power of judicial review over president and congress. Marbury didnt get the job. This case was the most important precedent

Fletcher vs. peck

contact law. Georgia legislature granted lands to ppl who gave bribes. New Georgia legislature canceled deal after election. Supreme Court held up land grants. Sanctity of contacts. Victory of “wealth and privelage” over “mob”

Dartmouth college vs. woodward

contract law. Dartmouth was created by a royal charter from King George III. NH tried to place the college under state control. Supreme court ruled that the charter stays. Sanctity of contracts. government shouldn’t interfere with private interprises

McCulloch vs. Maryland

National supremacy, interstate commerce, national bank. Maryland hated the national bank, so it imposed a tax on the bank’s branch in Maryland. National bank is constitutional under elastic clause. Maryland cant be given the power to tax the national government. Established national supremacy over the states

Cohens vs. Virginia

Federal jurisdictions over the states. Cohens were convicted in Va for selling illegal lottery tickets. Cohens appealed the state convictions through the federal courts. Supreme Court asserted its power to review state court decisions.

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Interstate commerce. Gibbons and Ogden had competing steamboat companies that ferried goods from state to state. Ogden, who had the exclusive NJ state monopoly license, sued in order to shut down Gibbons, who had a federal license. Only the federal government may regulate interstate commerce. National supremacy over the states. Gibbons won

Cherokee nation vs. Georgia

Native American sovereignty. U.S. constitution failed to clearly define relationship between tribal governments and federal governments. Supreme Court ruled that tribes are “domestic dependent nations” with some rights but not complete sovereignty.

Worchester vs. Georgia

Native American sovereignty. Georgia passed Indian removal act to displace Cherokees and other tribes. Cherokees sued, arguing that Georgia had no jurisdiction.  Supreme court ruled in favor of Cherokees. President Andrew Jackson ignored the courts decision: “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.” Indians were removed along “the trail of tears” to Oklahoma reservations.