Managing Individual Differences & Behavior

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to managing individual differences and behavior, focusing on personality traits, emotional intelligence, values, attitudes, and their implications in workplace environments.

Personality

The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity.

Proactive Personality

Someone who is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment.

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

A model that includes Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to Experience.

Core Self-Evaluations

A broad personality trait comprising self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability.

Self-Efficacy

Belief in one’s ability to do a task.

Learned Helplessness

The debilitating lack of faith in one’s ability to control one’s environment, associated with low self-efficacy.

Self-Esteem

The extent to which people like or dislike themselves.

Locus of Control

Indicates how much people believe they control their fate through their own efforts.

Emotional Stability

The extent to which people feel secure and unworried and are likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Ability to monitor your and others’ feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions.

Values

Abstract ideals that guide one’s thinking and behavior across all situations.

Attitude

A learned predisposition toward a given object that directly influences our behavior.

Cognitive Dissonance

The psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior.

Perception

Process of interpreting and understanding one’s environment.

Stereotyping

Tendency to attribute characteristics believed to be typical of a group to an individual.

Implicit Bias

Attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.

Halo Effect

Forming an impression of an individual based on a single trait.

Recency Effect

Tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information.

Causal Attributions

Inferring causes for observed behavior.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A phenomenon by which people’s expectations lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.

Employee Engagement

An individual’s involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.

Job Satisfaction

Extent to which you feel positively or negatively about various aspects of your work.

Organizational Commitment

Extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.

Counterproductive Work Behaviors

Actions that go against the interests of an organization and its employees.