Medieval europe

Mayors of the palace

taken office by charles martel 714 CE

Battle of tours

732 CE charles martel defeated muslim army in this battle

English channel

separates europe and great britain, battle ensured that christianity would remain western europes major religion

Holy roman empire

ottos territory , included most of present day germany

Germanic people

people who lived germanic kingdoms

The Franks

strongest germanic group, 481 CE clovis became their king, they were christian

King Clovis

became frank’s king in 481, first germanic ruler to accept christianity

Charles Martel

took office of “mayors of the palace”, wanted to stop islam from spreading, defeated muslim army at battle of tours, father of pepin

Pepin

became mayor of palace, then became king of franks, 754 ce fought the lombards and defeated them, then gave the pope some of their land in italy, became known as pepal states

Charlamagne

firstly known as charles and became king of franks, forced saxons to convert to christianity, by 800 ce his kingdom had grown into an empire, his conquests won him the name of charlamagne, on christmas day pope crowned him the new roman emperor, wanted to advance learning, reigned for 47 yrs

duke otto of saxony

936 CE he was elected king of germany, powerful ruler, defeated magyars, freed pope from control of roman nobles, crowned emperor of the romans in 962 CE, territory became known as holy roman empire

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***feudalism***

social system in middle ages,

battle of hastings

1066 ce william the duke of normandy landed his army in england and he defeated and english noble named herald godwinson and his forces at this battle

guilds

business groups that decided things for the business

domesday book

first cencus in britain since roman times was recorded in this

habeas corpus

part of common law by the 1200s ce, order to bring a jailed person before a judge to find out wether that person should be in jail

grand jury

decided wether people should be accused of a crime

trial jury

decided wether a person was innocent of guilty

magna carta

a document that placed limits on kings power

great council

group of nobles that was called to make decisions if the king could place taxes due to the magna carta

parlament

increased authority of the council, important step towards representative government

capetian dynasty

1987 ce nobles made hugh capit king and he began the dynasty of french kings

estates general

meeting of 3 groups, representative assembly, in group 1 was the clergy or priests, in group 2 was nobles, group 3 had merchants townspeople and peasants

keivan russ

medieval state

crusade

series of religious wars between christians and the muslims, secure control holy sights, crusades were between 1096-1291

normans

vikings descendants

king john

abused his power so people created magna carta to make limits

slavs

established villages and towns along the rivers of europe, seperated into northern slavs, western slavs, and eastern slavs

saladin

one of muslims generals, recaptured jerusalem from the europeans

pope urban II

byzantine emperor who asked for military aid to save his christian empire from the muslims during the crusades

romanesque

style of archetecture, churches with this style had long heavy rounded ceiling with thick pillars and little light

gothic

larger, airier, colorful stained class, replaced heavy walls with flying buchesses

theology

study of religion

scholasticism

ideas accepted on faith didn’t have to contradict ideas developed on reason

vernacular

local languages specail to certain cities/places, ex.- italian, spanish, french, and german

troubador

type of vernacular literature that often included singing love poems

friar

men in religious orders

mass

religious ceremony on sundays for catholics/christians

heresy

ideas that conflicted with church teachings

inquisition

church court that questioned and dealed with people accused of heresy

anti semetism

hostility towards jews

roger bacon

monk who turned from teaching theology to studying the natural world

thomas aquinas

italian friar that became one of scholasticism greatest thinkers

bernard of clairveux

famous cictercian monk that supported the second the second crusade

dominique de guzman

started dominican order in 1216, chief goal was to defend the teachings of the church

black death

great famine and also known as the bubonic plague