Essentials Of Healthcare Final Review

The dorsal cavity contains the _____

Brain and spinal cord

Lateral Means

Away from midline

What plane divided the body into front and back portions

Frontal (Coronal)

The midsagittal plane divides the body into

Equal right and left halves

Which of the following are cavities within the skull?

Cranial, orbital, nasal, oral

The navel is located in the

Middle or umbilical region

What is the most common and least malignat type of skin cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A burn that involves only the epidermal layer is classified as a/an

First Degree Burn

What is the rule of 9 for adults?

A method to estimate burn surface area on the body

Know the various regions of the body

epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, lumbar, etc

What muscle is strained, involuntary muscle

Cardiac

Ligaments

Connective Tissues that connect bone to bone

What bone makes up the back of the skull

Occpitpal Bone

Which bone makes up the upper jaw

Maxillae

Comminuted fracture

Most complex fracture

Humerus

Upper arm bone

Origin

The part of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a fixed structure

Elasticity

The ability of a muscle to return to its original length

Contractibility

The ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between parts

Skeletal muscle is also known as

Voluntary or striated muscle

Abduction

Moving an extremity away from the midline

Pronation

Turning the hand so the palm is facing downward.

Hinge Joint

Elbow or knee

Ball and socket joint

Shoulder or hip

2 Main parts of the skeletal System

Axial and appendicular skeleton

The number one way to prevent the spread of disease is

Handwashing

The acryonym RICE means

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin

Recommended initial treatment for a sprain

RICE

Body Temperature

Measurement of balance between heat produced and lost

Homeostasis

The constant state of fluid balance

Most accurate method for taking temperature

Rectal

Normal oral body temperature

98.6°F or 37°C

Febrile

Showing signs of fever

Tympanic Thermometer

Measures temperature in the ear

Do not take oral temperature if the patient is

unconscious, disoriented, or has oral injury/surgery

Five types of bones in the body

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Functions of the skeletal system

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production

One in forearm on thumb side

Radius

Multiple Scleroisis

Chronic CNS disease attacking myelin sheath

Alzheimer Disease

Progressive memory loss

Epilepsy

Seizure disorder

Parkinson is characterized by

Temors, shuffling gait, rigid, pill-rolling

Meningitis

Inflammation of brain/spinal cord lining

Neuron

Nerve Cell

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord

Sensory Nuerons

Carry impulses to CNS from skin/sense organs.

Medulla oblongata

Controls heart, lungs and BP

Cerebrum

Responsible for though and memory

Eustachian Tube

Middle ear structure that connects with pharynx

Polydipsia

Excessive Thirst

Gigantism

Pituitary hyper function in preadolescence causes

Thyroid hormones control

Metabolism

Pituitary gland secretes

Growth Hormone, TSH, ACTH, etc

Gland at base of brain

Pituitary Gland

Gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream

Endocrine Gland

What secretes pancreatic juices into small intestine

Pancreas

Where is insulin produced

Pancreas

Ovum realize from ovary is called

Ovulation

Menstruation

Breakdown of endometrial lining happens

Male sex hormone

Testosterone

A zygote is a

Fertilized egg

Ectopic pregnacy

Fertilized egg in fallopian tube

Changes in menopause

Hot flashes, mood swings, irregular/no periods

In vitro ferttilization (IVF)

Fertilization outside the body then transfer

Vaginal yeast infections may result from?

Antibiotic use

Most common method for diabetics to test sugar

Finger stick (glucometer)

Which diabetic type requires insulin

Type 1

Infertility

The inability to conceive a child after one year of regular unprotetced intercourse

Amenorreha

Absence of menstrual cycle

Most common male cancer over age 50?

Prostate cancer

Most common STD In U.S

Clahymida

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Staph infection from tampon use

Gonorrhea

STD with green-yellow discharge, pain urinating, sore throat

Hemophilia

a rare inherited bleeding disorder that prevents the blood from clotting properly

Anemia

Deficiency of red cells/hemoglobin

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood without cells

Hemoglobin

Red pigment that transport oxygen

Leukemia

Blood disease with abnormal white cells

Pressure ulcers (bedsores)

Common in immobile patients

Chest pain from lack of oxygen to heart

Angina

Rapid heartbeat

Tachycardia

Hears natural pacemaker

SA node

Cardiac muscle tissue is called

Myocardium

Vessels bringing blood to heart

Vien

Mitral valve is located?

Between left atrium and left ventricle

Myocardial infraction

Lack of heart muscle blood supply

Embolus

Traveling blood clot

Femoral artery

Groin pulse point

Brachial artery

Pulse in upper arm

Hypertension

BP above 140/100

Immunity your born with

Natural initiate immunity

Antigen antibody reaction with histamine release?

Allergic Reaction

Functions of the lymphatic system

Filter lymph, fight infection, return fluid to bloodstream

Cancer of lymph nodes

Hodgkins disease

Immunity from a vaccine

Artificial active immunity

Autoimmunity

Immune system attacks the body’s own tissues

Gas exchange between lungs, body, and air is called?

Respiration

Amount of air per breath?

Tidal volume

Where does gas exchange occur?

Alveoli