OSTE 7

ankyl/o

stiffness, bent/crooked

arthr/o

joint

calcane/o

calcaneum (heel bone)

carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

cervic/o

neck

chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

ribs

crani/o

cranium (skull)

fasci/o

fascia (fibrous tissue supporting/separating muscles)

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

fibr/o

fiber, fibrous tissue

fibul/o

fibula (smaller lateral bone of lower leg)

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

leiomy/o

smooth muscle (visceral)

lumb/o

lower back

metacarp/o

metacarpals (hand bones)

muscul/o

muscle

my/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

patell/o

patella (kneecap)

pelv/i

pelvis

pelv/o

pelvis

phalang/o

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

radi/o

radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)

spondyl/o

vertebra (backbone)

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

ten/o

tendon

tend/o

tendon

tendin/o

tendon

tibi/o

tibia (large medial bone of lower leg)

vertebr/o

vertebra (backbone)

-al

pertaining to

-clasia

to break, surgical fracture

-clast

to break

-sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

peri-

around

sub-

under, below

Ankylosis

abnormal condition of stiffness (of a joint)

Arthralgia

pain of a join

Arthrocentesis

surgical puncture of a joint

Arthrodesis

binding/fixation of a joint

Arthroscopy

visual examination of a joint

Avulsion

injury where a structure is torn off another (avulsion fracture - ligament tears bone)

Carpoptosis

prolapse/downward displacement of the carpals (wrist bones)

Costochondritis

inflammation of the rib cartilage

Diaphysis

shaft of a bone

Kyphosis

abnormal condition of a humpback (increased thoracic spine curvature)

Laminectomy

excision/removal of the lamina of the spine

Leiomyoma

tumor of smooth muscle

Lordosis

abnormal condition of curve/swayback (anterior curvature of the lumbar spine)

Malleolus

bony structure on either side of the ankle (commonly fractured)

Myalgia

muscle pain

Myorrhexis

rupture of a muscle

Myosarcoma

malignant tumor of muscle

Osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

Osteoporosis

porous bone

Pelvimetry

act of measuring the pelvis

Rhabdomyolysis

"rhabdo" condition where muscle breaks down quickly and releases toxins

Sciatica

severe pain along sciatic nerve (posterior aspect of upper and lower leg)

Scoliosis

abnormal condition of crooked/bent (spine) (abnormal lateral curvature of spine)

Spondylolisthesis

slipping vertebra (backbone)

Sprain

injury to ligament (stretched beyond its capacity)

Strain

injury to tendon and/or muscle (stretched beyond its capacity)

cerebr/o

cerebrum

crani/o

cranium (skull)

encephal/o

brain

gli/o

neuroglial tissue

mening/o

meninges (membranes covering brain/spinal cord)

meningi/o

meninges (membranes covering brain/spinal cord)

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

neur/o

nerve

-lepsy

seizure

-oma

tumor

-phasia

speech

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

hemi-

one half

para-

near, beside, beyond

quadri-

four

Aphasia

without/no speech

Ataxia

without/no muscle coordination

Clonus

series of rapid repeated muscle contractions and relaxations

Craniotomy

incision of the cranium (skull)

Dysarthria

difficulty speaking due to loss of control of muscles controlling mouth/face

Dysphagia

bad/painful/difficult swallowing/eating

Electroencephalography

process of recording the electricity of the brain

Encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

Epilepsy

above/upon seizure (electrical signals in the brain cause recurring seizures)

Glioma

tumor of glial tissue (support cells of the nervous system)

Hemiparesis

partial paralysis of one half

Hemiplegia

paralysis of one half

Hydrocephalus

condition of water head (excess accumulation of CSF in the brain ventricles)

Meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

Meningioma

tumor of the meninges (membranes covering brain/spinal cord)

Meningocele

tumor/swelling of the meninges (membranes covering brain/spinal cord)

Neuroblastoma

tumor of a nerve embryonic cell

Neurolysis

separation/destruction/loosening of a nerve

Neurosis

abnormal condition of a nerve

Paralysis

loss of muscle function and/or sensation because of spinal cord injury