APHUG Unit 3

Artifacts

objects made by humans

Culture

beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people

Cultural Norms

behavior patterns that are typical of specific groups

Cultural Relativism

unbaised way of viewing a culture, with a goal to premote understanding of cultures unlike ones own

Cultural Trait

a single element of normal practice in a culture

Ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

Mentifacts

the ways in which a society behaves and organizes institutions (family, school, education, government, land use, gender roles)

Popular Culture

culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

Sociofacts

the ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge of a culture (language, belief systems, food preferences, taboos)

Traditional Culture

the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation

Adherents

believers, followers

Centrifugal Forces

a force that divides people and countries

Centripetal Forces

the forces that unite people and countries

Cultural Landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

Denominations

big groups of congregations that share the same faith and are governed under one administrative umbrella

Ethnicity

sense of belonging or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry

Ethnic Enclave/Neighborhood

an area that has a large concentration of people from a particular ethnic group

Gender Identity

one's sense of being male or female

Gendered Spaces

places in the cultural landscape utilized to reinforce or accommodate gender roles for women and men

Gentrifacation

the process by which middle- and high-income groups refurbish and rehabilitate housing in deteriorated inner-city areas, thereby displacing low-income populations

Identity

our sense of self

Language

our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

Pilgrimage

a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

Placemaking

the process of creating a comfortable personal environment that reflects the values, experiences, and tastes of the couple

Postmodern Architecture

diverse designs, representative of popular culture, business and economic success as well as new materials

Religion

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

Safe Spaces

spaces of acceptance for people

Sect

a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

Sequent Occupance

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

Third Place

a communal space that is separate from home (first place) or work (second place)

Traditional Architecture

influenced heavily by the environment and built with available local materials. reflective of history, culture, and climate

Acculturation

the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

Assimilation

individuals or groups fully adopting the customs and values of another culture, often resulting in the loss of their original cultural identity.

Cultural Appropriation

the process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit

Cultural Convergence

as cultures interact with one another, they become more similar, sharing and adapting one anothers ideas, innovations, and other cultural traits

Cultural Diffusion

the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Cultural Divergence

the likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time

Cultural Hearth

place of origin of a major culture

Creolization

occurs when foreign influences integrate with local meanings

Expansion Diffusion

the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process

Contagious Diffusion

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

Hierarchical Diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

Stimulus Diffusion

the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

Lingua Franca

a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

Syncretism

when traits from two or more cultures blend together to form a new custom, idea, value, or practice

Buddhism

belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering

Dialects

variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines

Christianity

the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices

Endangered Languages

a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language

Ethnic Religions

appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place

Hinduism

a religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation

Judaism

the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud

Language Branch

collection of languages within a family that share a common origin and were separated from other branches in the same family thousands of years ago

Language Family

largest grouping of related languages and includes these languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth or orgin

Pidgin

a simplified form of speech developed from two or more languages

Indo-European Language Family

family of languages with the greatest number of speakers, spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of southwestern and southern Asia

Islam

the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life

Secularized

focused on worldly rather than spiritual concerns

Sikhism

a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak

universializing religion

religions that appear to all people and ethnicities

Glocalization

Form of syncretism that involves the creation of product/services for global market by adapting to local culture

Multiculturalism

Acceptance + tolerance of many different cultures which exist in close proximity to one another

Toponym

Names of Places

Adages

Saying that attempt to express a truth about life

Isoglosses

Geographic boundaries within particular/linguistic feature

Imperialism

The dominance of 1 country over another country thruough dip

Colonialism

When powerful country establishes settlements in less powerful country for economic and/or political gain

Blue Laws

Laws that restrict certain activities

Sharia

Muslims evlved a law code based on Quran

Fundamentalism

An attempt to follow a literal interpetation of the religious faith

Theocracies

Countries whose government is run be religious leaders through the use of religious laws

Ethnicity

Membership with group of ppl who have common experiences + share similar characteristics

Nationality

Based on people’s connection to a particular country