Studied by 11 people
Chapters 35, 37, 38, and 39
Define accuracy
How close a value is to the true value.
Define precision
How close multiple measurements are to each other.
What is the “Rule of 10"
An instrument or gage should be 10 times more accurate than the dimensional tolerances of the part being measured.
What is a sine bar?
A tool used to measure angles with high precision by utilizing the properties of sine functions.
What is a ring gage?
A precision tool shaped like a ring, used to measure the diameter of a hole or the size of a shaft, ensuring that parts meet specified tolerances.
What is an air gage?
A specialized tool used to measure the dimensions of a part through the use of air pressure, providing highly accurate measurements without physical contact.
What is CMM?
A Coordinate Measuring Machine measures an object's physical geometrical characteristics through a probe, which can be mechanical, optical, laser, or white light.
How do you measure straightness of a feature?
A straightedge and a feeler/dial gauge, or with a Coordinate Measuring Machine for higher precision.
What is hard automation?
A manufacturing process that uses fixed equipment and machinery to automate production, providing high efficiency and low flexibility. It is typically used for high-volume production runs.
What is soft automation?
A manufacturing process that uses flexible equipment and programmable machines to adapt to different tasks and products, allowing for easier changes in production but less efficiency/specialization for one product.
What is numerical control?
A method of controlling machine tools via computer programming.
What is adaptive control?
A control system that adjusts machine operations in real-time based on feedback from the process.
What is PLC?
A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an industrial digital computer used to control machinery on factory assembly lines.
What is AGV?
An automated guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot used in industrial applications to transport materials without human intervention.
What is AS/RS?
An automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) uses machines to store and retrieve products or materials in a warehouse.
What is ADC?
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an electronic device that converts analog signals into digital data via sensors, allowing for processing and analysis by digital systems.
What is flexible fixturing?
Adaptable setups that can be easily reconfigured to accommodate different parts or products.
What is modular fixturing?
A system of interchangeable components that can be assembled in various configurations to support different manufacturing processes.
What is tombstone fixturing?
A type of fixturing that utilizes a vertical, rectangular platform to support multiple workpieces.
What is CAD?
Computer-Aided Design is used to create precise models of parts on a computer.
What is CAE?
Computer-Aided engineering is used to analyze the engineering of a design by simulating the part under various conditions.
What is .stl?
A file format for 3D printing and CAD that stores information about a 3D model as a collection of triangles.
What is .iges?
A vendor-neutral file format that allows the digital exchange of information among different CAD systems.
What is .pdes?
An industry-standard format for exchanging complex 3D design data between different CAD software programs.
What is .step?
.step is similar to .iges, but it includes engineering data such as materials, geometric dimensions & tolerancing, and model intent within the model itself.
What is CAM?
Computer-Aided Manufacturing is a process that uses software to automate the manufacturing of parts and products.
What is NC programming?
Creating a set of instructions that tells a CNC machine how to move and cut a workpiece to produce a desired shape.
What is NC simulation?
A way to check NC programs for any potential errors or conflicts in machining before the program is run.
What is CAPP?
Computer-aided process planning is the use of computer technology to aid in the process planning of a part or product.
What are the 2 CAPP systems?
"Variant CAPP" and "Generative CAPP"; variant systems retrieve and modify existing process plans for similar parts, while generative systems create new process plans from scratch using detailed part geometry information directly from a CAD model.
What is group technology?
A manufacturing process that improves efficiency by using fewer machines to produce parts in batches, and organizes similar parts and processes together to take advantage of their similarities.
What are part families?
Parts that vary in size but share a general shape in common.
What are manufacturing cells?
Groups of machines that are organized by the products or parts they produce.
What are flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)?
An automated manufacturing system designed to easily adapt to changes in the product being made and its quantity
What is “Just-in-Time” manufacturing?
A production strategy where companies produce goods only as needed, meaning they manufacture items to meet immediate customer demand rather than creating a large stockpile in advance, effectively minimizing storage costs and ensuring products are delivered "just in time" to their next destination.
What are the two types of kanbans?
Production Kanban, which signals the need to produce a specific quantity of a product, and Withdrawal Kanban (also called Transportation Kanban) which signals the need to move a container of materials to the next workstation in the production line
What is a bus LAN?
All devices are connected to a single central cable (bus) where data travels along the cable to reach the intended device; considered cost-effective but vulnerable to single point of failure.
What is a star LAN?
Devices connect to a central hub or switch, with data flowing through the central point; offers good fault tolerance as failure on one device won't affect others, and is suitable for large networks.
What is a ring LAN?
Devices are connected in a closed loop where data travels from one device to the next in a single direction; efficient for data transmission but can be affected by a single device failure.
What is a mesh LAN?
Each device is connected to multiple other devices, creating redundant connections; highly reliable with multiple paths for data transmission, but complex to set up and requires more cabling.
What is a tree LAN?
A hierarchical structure where multiple star networks are connected to a central bus, offering scalability and organization.
What are “collisions” in LAN?
When two or more packets of data try to be on the same network channel at the same time, leading to a corruption of one or more of the packets.
What is CSMA/CD?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection is a cheap way to allow devices to transmit data on a shared network when the channel is idle, but can still experience collisions if multiple devices try to transmit at the same time.
What is a token-based system?
A token-based system ensures fair access by passing a "token" between devices, granting transmission rights only to the device holding the token, effectively eliminating collisions.
What is drift/stability?
An instrument’s capability to maintain its calibration over time
What is linearity?
The accuracy of the readings of an instrument over its full working range
What is amplification/magnification?
The ratio of instrument output to the input dimension.
What is a plug gage?
A tool used to check the dimensions of the inner diameter of a hole, with one end being a go gage and the other end being a no-go gage. Plug gages come in threaded options as well.
What is a snap gage?
A c-shaped tool used to quickly determine if a part's outside dimensions fall within a specified tolerance. Snap gauges are a type of go/no-go gage, with the inner jaws being no go and outer jaws being go
How do you measure flatness?
With a surface plate and a dial indicator. This method can be used to measure perpendicularity.
How do you measure roundness?
Rotate the part around it’s axis and use a dial/feeler gage on the surface of the part, record the differentiation between the maximum and minimum readings. You can also rotate the dial instead of the part.
Note 
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