BI 231 Pathophysiology Unit 4 Study Guide

Flashcards for Pathophysiology Unit 4 Study Guide

-osis / -ilia

Too much

-penia / -emia

Too little

-poiesis

To make

Leuk-

White blood cells

Lymph-

Just lymphocytes

Normo-cytic

Normal size

Micro-cytic

Small size

Macro-cytic

Large size

Normo-chromic

Normal color

Hypo-chromic

Low color

Hyper-chromic

High color

Poikilo-cytosis

Varying cell shape

Aniso-cytosis

Varying cell size

Anemia

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity due to low HCT and/or low Hb

Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)

Structurally abnormal hemoglobin

Thalassemia

Incomplete Hb synthesis (lacks α or β)

Folate

Essential for nucleic acid synthesis, with the diet being the only source

Pernicious anemia

Absence of IF, thus no B12 absorption in the gut

Iron

Necessary for proper Hb synthesis and function

Polycythemia Vera

Myeloproliferative disorder; overproduction of red cells

Aplastic Anemia

Deficiency of blood cells due to a failure in the bone marrow

Leukopenia

Decreased white cell count

Leukocytosis

Increased white cell count

Lymphadenopathy (LAD)

Swollen lymph nodes (may be local or generalized)

Leukemia

Malignant clone replaces normal cells in blood and marrow

Lymphoma

Malignant clone replaces normal cells in lymph nodes/tissues

Reed-Sternberg cells

Malignant B-cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma

Multiple myeloma

Malignant plasma cells

Thrombocytopenia

Low platelets

HIT

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

ITP

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

TTP

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Essential thrombocytosis

Myeloproliferative disorder; overproduction of platelets

Hemophilia

Class of disorders characterized by absence of or defect in coagulation proteins

Hemophilia A

Deficiency in Factor VIII

Hemophilia B

Deficiency in Factor IX

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Microvascular thrombi, bleeding, and accumulation of breakdown products

Thrombus

Clot in a vessel

Thromboembolus

Clot that detaches

Varicose vein

Vein distended with pooled blood

Chronic venous insufficiency

Inadequate venous return over time

Venous stasis ulcers

Death of superficial tissues due to blood stasis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Thrombus in medium LE vein

Pulmonary embolus (PE)

Thrombus from DVT embolizes to pulmonary arteries

SVC syndrome

Obstruction of SVC by cancer

Aneurysm

Outpouching or dilation of vessel wall

True Aneurysm

All three layers involved in aneurysm

Dissecting Aneurysm

Blood separates layers in aneurysm

Arteriosclerosis

Thickening of arterial wall

Atherosclerosis

Form of arteriosclerosis, involves fat and fibrin deposits

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Atherosclerosis of iliofemorals; claudication

Myocardial ischemia

Deprivation of blood/oxygen

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Irreversible cell damage due to prolonged ischemia

Pericardial effusion

Fluid in pericardial cavity

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium

Endocarditis

Infection of valves

Shock

Failure of perfusion that may lead to MODS

PS

Pulmonic stenosis

AS

Aortic stenosis

ASD

Atrial septal defect

VSD

Ventricular septal defect

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

VSD, PS, RVH, overriding aorta