READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

REVIEWER FOR PRELIMS

American Historical Association 

Who defined history as a succession of facts marching to a settled outcome

Renato Constantino

Who defined history as the recorded struggle of people for ever increasing freedom

Teodoro Agoncillo

Who said that history deals with the past to avoid mistakes, not to recreate events

Aristotle

Which philosopher defined history as the record of unchanging past

Culture

What gave birth to history

Biological Revolution

Revolution marking the abandonment of hunting and foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Revolution involving the transition to a subsistence economy

Intellectual Revolution

Revolution fusing knowledge and reason for inquiries beyond imagination

Industrial Revolution

Revolution replacing muscle power with machine power

Technological Revolution

Revolution gradually eliminating human intervention in production

Historian

Who is considered the author of history

Primary, secondary, tertiary

Three types of historical sources

Silent sources

Type of sources scant, fragmentary, and overlooked

Pantayong Pananaw

Historiographical approach introduced by Zeus Salazar

Teodoro Agoncillo

Who argued that Philippine history started in 1872

Renato Constantino

Who emphasized that the masses are the real movers of history

Reynaldo Ileto

Who pioneered history from below with Pasyon at Rebolusyon

Colonial Scholarship

Historiography framing narratives from colonial masters’ perspectives

 Continuity and Change

Concept studying aspects of life that change or remain

Cause and Effect

Concept examining relationship between events

Emphatic Understanding

Concept demanding understanding from actors’ perspectives

Significance

Concept referring to importance of an event

Contestability

Concept arising when interpretations are open to debate

 Palaeography

Method studying forms and processes of handwriting

Epigraphy

Method analyzing ancient inscriptions

Genealogy

Method studying family lineages

Numismatics

Method studying coins and currency

Sphragistic

 Method studying seals and signets