a narrative poem that usually includes a repeated refrain
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blank verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter, a line of five feet
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cacophony
the use of words in poetry that combine sharp, harsh, hissing, or unmeldous sounds
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conceit
elaborate figure of speech combinig possible metaphor, simile, hyperbole, or oxymoron
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couplet
a pair of rhyming lines with identical meter
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elegy
a mourning poem of lament for an individual or tragic event
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free verse
a type of poetry that differs from conventional verse forms in being “free” from a fixed pattern of meter and rhyme.
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iambic pentameter
a line of verse having five metrical feet (Shakespeare’s most frequent writing pattern)
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meter rhythm
the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.
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rhyme
exact repetition of sounds in at least the final accented syllables of two or more words.
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rhyme scheme
The pattern of rhyme. The traditional way to mark these patterns of rhyme is to assign a letter of the alphabet to each rhyming sound at the end of each line.
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sonnet
a fourteen-line poem, usually in iambic pentameter, with a varied rhyme scheme.
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iamb
2 syllables, unstressed-stressed, de DUMM
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trochee
2 syllables, stressed-unstressed, DUMM de
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anapest
3 syllables, unstressed-unstressed-stressed, de de DUMM
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dactylic
3 syllables, stressed-unstressed-unstressed, DUMM de de
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1 foot
monometer
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2 feet
dimeter
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3 feet
trimeter
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4 feet
tetrameter
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5 feet
pentameter
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6 feet
hexameter
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7 feet
heptameter
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8 feet
octameter
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end-stopped
a pause at the end of a line
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caesura
a pause that occurs within a line
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enjambement or run on
a line that “runs over” to the next line without a pause
in which two words look alike but don’t sound alike, such as “love” and “jove” or “daughter and “laughter”
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slant (imperfect) rhyme
in which two words are nearly rhymed but have a slight variation in vowel sound, such as “lake” and “fate”
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end rhyme
in which the rhyming words occur at the ends of lines in poetry
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internal rhyme
in which the rhyming words occur inside a line, such as “let’s beat the heat”
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assonance
the repetition of identical vowel sounds in syllables that have different consonant sounds such as “lake” and “fake”
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consonance
the repetition of identical consonant sounds in syllables that have different vowel sounds sunch as “bill” and “ball” or “born” and “burn”
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rhymed couplet
2 lines with identical rhymes
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tercet, triplet
3 lines - any rhyme scheme, any meter
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sestet
6 lines (often 3 sets of couplets), any rhyme scheme, any meter
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octave
8 lines - any rhyme scheme, any memter
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Spenserian stanza
9 lines rhyming a b a b a ba cc, lines 1-8 iambic pentameter, line 9 iambic pentameter
19 lines - 5 tercets + 1 quatrain, 2 repeating refrains - 9 of 19 lines are refrain
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narrative poetry
a nondramatic poem which tells a story or presents a narrative, whether simple of complex, long or short
ex: ballad, epic
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lyric poetry
a brief subjective poem marked by imagination, melody, and emotion, but strict definition is impossible
ex: dirge, elegy, sonnet, ode
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analogy
A comparison of two things, alike in certain aspects – a simile is an expressed one; a metaphor is an implied one.
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Apostrophe
Addressing some abstract object as if it were animate, such as “O world! Tell me thy pain!” Thus, it is a kind of personification.
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allusion
Referring metaphorically to persons, places or things from history or previous literature, with which the reader is expected to have enough familiarity to make extended associations, such as “The new kid is as mean as Grendel and twice as ugly” or “He must think he’s some kind of Superman.”
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allegory
A form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself, such as Everyman. Special kinds of them include the fable and the parable.
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symbolism
The use of one object to represent or suggest another object or an idea. Thus, a rose might be used to symbolize the loved one or love in general, depending on the context.
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Metonymy
Substitution of one word for another closely related word, such as “The pot’s boiling” or “The White House announced.”
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Synechdoche
Substitution of part for the whole, such as “All hands on deck.”
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Meiosis
Saying less than is true, an under-exaggeration, such as “The reports of my death have been exaggerated.”
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Antithesis
Using contrasts for an accumulative effect, such as “Man proposes; God disposes.”
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oxymoron
An antithesis which brings together two sharply contradictory terms, such as “wise fool,” “little big man,” “eloquent silence,” and “loving hate.”
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Litotes
A form of understatement in which a thing is affirmed by stating the negative of its opposite, such as “He was not unmindful” which actually means he was mindful.
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paradox
A statement which while seemingly contradictory or absurd may actually be well-founded or true; a “logic twist,” such as “Everything I say is a lie.”
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POETIC LICENSE
a poet is allowed to break rules in order to improve his poem in some way.
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irony
saying the opposite to what is true. ex: “war is kind”
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Flashcard (40)